Model for the prediction of mechanical asphyxia as the cause of death based on four biological indexes in human cardiac tissue

Determination of mechanical asphyxia as the cause of death has always been difficult for forensic pathologists, particularly when signs of asphyxia are not obvious on the body. Currently, depending on only physical examination of corpses, pathologists must be cautious when making cause-of-death appraisals. In a previous study, four biomarkers—dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 2 (KCNJ2), miR-122, and miR-3185—were screened in human cardiac tissue from cadavers that died from mechanical asphyxia compared with those that died from craniocerebral injury, hemorrhagic shock, or other causes. Expression of the markers correlated with death from mechanical asphyxia regardless of age, environmental temperature, and postmortem interval. However, a single biological index is not an accurate basis for the identification of the cause of death. In this study, receiver operating characteristic curves of the ΔCq values of the four indexes were generated. The diagnostic accuracy of the indexes was judged according to their area under the curve (DUSP1: 0.773, KCNJ2: 0.775, miR-122: 0.667, and miR-3185: 0.801). Finally, a nomogram was generated, and single blind experiment was conducted to verify the cause of death of mechanical asphyxia.     

日本交通事故现状与对策

<正> 一、交通事故的基本情况我国因交通事故死伤者的人数,自最高峰的1970年以来呈现出一种持续减少的趋势,尤其是1979年因交通事故而造成死亡和伤害的人数与1970年相比已分别减少了50%和40%。但是自1979年后,交通事故却呈现出一种急剧上升的趋势(附表一略)。特别是1985年截至11月底全国所发生的交通事故已达五十万零二百七十起,与1984年同时期相比增加了二万六千九百三十四起。其中造成死亡的为八千四百零三人,比1984年同时期增加了三十四     

中国对六方会谈的战略思考及演变

20世纪90年代中期以后,中国开始积极利用多边安全合作维护自身的利益。为了解决朝核危机,中国促成了六方会谈,并在会谈中发挥了建设性作用。和平解决朝核问题、维护国家安全以及通过会谈改善中美关系是中国的重要战略思考。提高国际形象以及推动朝核六方会谈向机制化方向发展也是中国的长远考虑。因六方会谈的长期中断和国际形势的变化,中国的基本战略思考也发生了微妙的演变,即中国希望朝核六方会谈的机能向一般意义上的安全对话平台方向扩展。另外,通过推动重启六方会谈的实际行动,表露了半岛危机必须和平解决的立场,借以维护朝鲜体制安定,同时也表现了愿与美国协作、和平解决地区安全问题的态度,以避免新的冷战出现。     

No iceberg in sight: on the absence of WTO disputes challenging fossil fuel subsidies

The empirical record of dispute settlement cases under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules on energy subsidies consists only of cases against renewable energy (RE) subsidies, whereas WTO members have not challenged others’ much larger and environmentally harmful fossil fuel subsidies. Yet, the WTO agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures would at first sight seem to create possibilities to forestall environmentally harmful subsidization. In this article, we assess possible explanations for the skewed distribution of energy subsidies dispute settlement complaints at the WTO. We argue that differences in legally relevant characteristics of fossil fuel subsidies, on the one hand, and RE subsidies, on the other hand, largely explain this observation. In the case of RE subsidies, in particular, the disputes filed to date have targeted a much narrower set of measures than the whole range of RE subsidies currently in place, namely those incorporating a local content requirement component. Although this finding is not new, we have probed into this question more systematically, both by widening the scope of the empirical analysis from actual to potential WTO disputes on energy-related policies the European Union and the USA might have initiated, and by systematically assessing the plausibility of alternative explanations.     

论合作治理视角下的粤港澳合作体系

在市场力量的作用下,随着经济全球化与区域经济一体化的发展,粤港澳合作也将迎来新的发展机遇.面对合作治理时代的到来,如何通过合作关系的构建,拓展粤港澳现有的合作模式将具有重要意义.     

The Paradox of Weakness in European Trade Policy: Contestation and Resilience in CETA and TTIP Negotiations

Over the last decade, trade negotiations with Canada and the United States met with considerable resistance from non-governmental organisations (NGO). Moreover, the negotiation mandates given to the European Commission were so broad as to include topics falling under so-called mixed competence of the EU and the member states, necessitating not only ratification by the EU Council of Ministers and the European Parliament, but also member states’ parliaments. At some point, these two factors almost seemed to paralyze the EU as a trade negotiator. In the end, however, the EU concluded an agreement with Canada, renegotiated its agreement with Mexico (while also concluding agreements with Singapore and Japan amongst others), while negotiations with the US were suspended. Three factors can account for this puzzling combination of apparent incapacity and blockage and surprising resilience of EU trade policymaking. First, the NGO contestation campaigns did not muster pan‐European but rather only varying degrees of support. Second, in addition to scrutiny by the European Parliament, consensus decision-making in the Council fosters accommodation of the demands of all member states. This leads to a low degree of negotiating autonomy on the part of the European Commission, yet large bargaining power for the European Union, as long as the other side wants agreement. Finally, a recent ruling by the Court of the EU facilitated the decoupling of agreements on portfolio investment and investment arbitration (one of the most difficult hurdles), from all other matters of trade and regulatory cooperation, making it easier to reach agreement.     

鸡毒霉形体人工感染肉用仔鸡后呼吸系统的病理形态学观察

７日龄健康肉用仔鸡气囊接种鸡毒霉形体（ＭＧ）ＨＳ２心株,３～５ｄ后出现典型的ＭＧ感染症状,其呼吸系统（主要为气管、肺及气囊）发生一系列病理组织学变化。采集感染鸡及对照鸡的气管经固定、脱水、临界点干燥、镀金后置于扫描电镜下观察,可见感染鸡气管粘膜明显水肿,纤毛部分或全部脱落等,而对照组鸡气管则无任何病变;光镜下可见感染鸡的气管粘膜水肿增厚１～２倍,粘膜下层单核白细胞聚集,其间有数量不等的淋巴细胞集团,粘液细胞减少或消失;气囊粘膜水肿增厚,有淋巴细胞增生而形成的串珠样结构;肺组织中有淋巴细胞增生形成的结节病灶,而对照鸡呼吸系统的组织切片在光镜下无任何异常变化。     

Evaluation of anti-muscle actin monoclonal antibody HHF35 in the diagnosis of early myocardial infarction

In order to explore the specificity of anti-muscle actin monoclonal antibody HHF35 in the postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial infarction, the changes of HHF35 staining in the infarcted myocardia and other non-infarcted myocardia with direct or indirect myocardial injury were studied with immunohistochemical S-P method. The results showed that the loss of HHF35 staining of different degrees was found in the infarcted myocardia, but also in the other non-infarcted myocardia with direct or indirect myocardial injury, such as cardiac contusion, myocarditis, hemorrhagic shock, electrocution, mechanical asphyxia. So it should be cautious in diagnosing early myocardial infarction with HHF35 immunohistochemistry.     

文明交往、国家构建与埃及发展

埃及是地中海世界和地中海文明的重要组成部分,自古以来具有大开放特征。埃及伊斯兰教化与阿拉伯化后,曾在中古时代一度辉煌,随后严重滞后于地中海北岸的资本主义文明。强化对资本主义文明的认同,有益于埃及现代民族国家的构建与未来的大发展。从文明交往的横向维度和历史发展的纵向维度探讨埃及的国家构建与发展问题,则为人们思考当前的中东变局提供了新的视角。     

腐败的危害与对策研究

腐败现象给党和人民的事业带来了极大的危害,因此,必须尽快采取强有力的配套措施遏制这一不良现象,以保持党的纯洁性与先进性,切实加强党的执政能力建设,为社会主义现代化建设创造清正廉洁的政治环境。