ENTER THE DRAGON: INSIDE CHINESE HUMAN SMUGGLING ORGANIZATIONS*

This paper examines the inner workings of Chinese human smuggling organizations. Contrary to widely held conceptions about Chinese organized crime, most alien smugglers are otherwise ordinary citizens whose familial networks and fortuitous social contacts have enabled them to pool resources to transport human cargoes around the world. They come from diverse backgrounds and form temporary alliances to carry out smuggling operations. With the exception of a shared commitment to making money, little holds them together. The smuggling organizations mostly resemble ad hoc task forces and are assembled for specific operations. These organizations have clear divisions of labor with limited hierarchical structures. We discuss the theoretical implications of their unique organizational characteristics.     

论社会的国家化及其目的和使命

本文着眼于国家与社会的关系,通过阐明国家起源、演进和实质,以及国家曾经有过和可能具有的根本目的和使命,阐明国家应有的根本目的和使命。文章提出,国家的目的和使命有三种情况:一是对全体国民都是好的;二是对一部分国民是好的,对一部分国民是坏的;三是对所有的国民都是坏的。文章认为,只有把全体国民幸福的普遍实现作为根本目的和使命,才是对全体国民都是好的。     

The U.S.-Korea conflict over rice liberalization: A Korean perspective

This article argues that Korea should not completely liberalize its rice market. The argument begins from the issue of food-security policy to the contradiction between self-sufficiency and the comparative advantage of the importance of agricultural protection, in light of advanced industrialized nations’ heavy subsidies of their agricultural commodities, including rice, and implicit and explicit trade barriers on Korean exports. The argument emphasizes the importance of self-sufficiency policy for rice in Korea, thus recommending not complete but partial liberalization of the agricultural market, as a condition for Korea’s own self-interest. The argument also emphasizes the importance of a diversified foreign and economic policy for Korea, and thus of forming future security relations with other nations besides the United States.     

中亚五国独立十年:成就与问题

简述中亚五国独立10年来的成就与问题,指出政治基本稳定,体制转轨平稳,但也存在不稳定的因素.坚定社会市场经济改革方向,但改革中问题不少.经济最困难时期已经度过,但仍未完全摆脱危机.社会明显转型,问题较多,处理不好会影响政治稳定.外交成绩卓著.本文还对中亚五国发展前景作了预测.     

Where and When to Spank: A Comparison Between U.S. and Japanese College Students

Although physical punishment has been studied for decades, there are gaps in the literature regarding frequently used form, context, and cross cultural differences. A comparison was made using 227 college students in the United States and Japan, who were presented with four scenarios and surveyed regarding attitudes toward physical punishment, perceptions of appropriate discipline methods, and past experience with physical punishment. Japanese and U.S. respondents reported similar personal experience with physical punishment (Japanese 86%, U.S. 91%). However, U.S. respondents reported a higher likelihood of being hit with an object than did Japanese respondents. For U.S. respondents, the bottom and the hand were the top two sites on the body used for physical punishment, whereas the head and the face were the top two places for the Japanese sample. Unlike U.S. respondents, type of child misbehavior was found to have an impact on Japanese respondents’ views on the appropriate discipline method.     

司法会计在货币资金审查中的几个技巧问题

司法会计在货币资金审查中的几个常用技巧,主要包括盘点库存现金、核对银行日记账和银行对账单、审查货币资金支出凭证后的原始附件和关注支出款项的去向等方面。本文揭示了经济犯罪分子常用的作案伎俩,不仅为司法会计工作者提供了工作思路,而且也可作为广大会计工作者防范经济犯罪的参考。     

The Impact of Multiple Types of Child Maltreatment on Subsequent Risk Behaviors Among Women During the Transition from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

The purpose of this study was to investigate how different types of child maltreatment, independently and collectively, impact a wide range of risk behaviors that fall into three domains: sexual risk behaviors, delinquency, and suicidality. Cumulative classification and Expanded Hierarchical Type (EHT) classification approaches were used to categorize various types of maltreatment. Data were derived from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Our sample consisted of White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian females ages 18 to 27 (n = 7,576). Experiencing different kinds of maltreatment during childhood led to an extensive range of risk behaviors within the three identified domains. Women experiencing sexual abuse plus other maltreatment types had the poorest outcomes in all three domains. These findings illustrate that it may no longer be appropriate to assume that all types of maltreatment are equivalent in their potential contribution to negative developmental sequelae.     

眶壁爆裂性骨折法医学鉴定相关问题探讨(附21例分析)

眶壁爆裂性骨折在眼损伤鉴定中占有相当的比重，有关其法医学鉴定相关的问题，在法医临床学方面少见分析报告。本文对21例眶部爆裂性骨折案例进行统计分析，对其致伤方式，眼部X光片与头颅CT及眶部CT片比较，眶壁骨折伴有眼球结构的损伤情况，眶壁骨折部位及复视情况，鼻眼相关损伤等问题分别进行了统计分析；进一步阐述了眶壁爆裂性骨折是一种人体保护机制的理由；提出了眶部爆裂性骨折早期易于漏诊、眶部X光片显示率低易造成眼损伤鉴定失误的临床特征，以及鼻眼相关损伤的问题。同时，提出了作者就此类损伤法医学鉴定的一些建议，以资法医同仁共同探讨。     

华蟾素配伍丝裂霉素体外抑瘤作用

目的：从体外药敏实验的角度观察华蟾素注射液配伍丝裂霉素对不同肝癌细胞抑瘤效果和对正常肝细胞的毒性反应。方法：通过四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法观察低浓度华蟾素注射液、丝裂霉素及两配伍使用时对人肝癌细胞系SMMC-721、BEL—7402细胞及正常肝细胞系L-02细胞的生长抑制作用。结果：对人肝癌细胞的生长抑制作用，华蟾素及丝裂霉素两配伍使用较两单独使用显增强；丝裂霉素对正常肝细胞具有一定生长抑制作用，而华蟾素注射液则无此作用，与单独使用丝裂霉素比较，两的配伍使用对正常肝细胞的生长抑制作用未见明显增加。结论：华蟾素和丝裂霉素配伍使用可显提高对人肝癌细胞的杀伤作用，同时未增加对正常肝细胞的生长抑制作用，提示华蟾素和丝裂霉素配伍使用在肝癌治疗中具有很好的临床应用前景。