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191.
192.
Dorothy J. Solinger 《当代中国》2012,21(78):1011-1028
This paper investigates whether the 22 million or so urban recipients of the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee (the zuidi shenghuo baozhang), whose per capita family income falls below a locally set poverty line, can be called a ‘class’. It also explores if they experience ‘class consciousness’. It draws on theoretical writings on class and class consciousness, and on some seven dozen unstructured interviews in households of urban dibao recipients in Lanzhou, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and three smaller Hubei cities in 2007–2010, mainly using material from 2010. It finds that, unlike the former working class, while these people do not comprise a ‘class’ as such, their consciousness of their plight, stripped bare of all the illusions that clouded it in Maoist times—again as distinguished from the bygone working class—is more faithful to their actual circumstances than it is specious. 相似文献
193.
V. Paul Poteat Dorothy L. Espelage Brian W. Koenig 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):952-962
In this study, heterosexual students’ willingness to remain friends with peers who disclose that they are gay or lesbian and
their willingness to attend schools that include gay and lesbian students were examined among two large middle school and
high school samples (Sample 1: n = 20,509; 50.7% girls; Sample 2: n = 16,917; 50.2% girls). Boys were less willing than girls to remain friends or attend schools with gay and lesbian peers,
as were students in earlier grades than were students in later grades. Further, there was small, yet significant, variability
in these scores across schools. Greater racial diversity within the school partially accounted for this school-level variability;
students in more racially diverse schools reported greater willingness to remain friends and attend school with gay and lesbian
peers. Findings suggest that while intervention programs must continue to address blatant and overt physical aggression against
sexual minority youth, there is also a significant need for programming to address the more subtle expressions of sexual prejudice
that contribute to unwelcoming and unsafe school climates. 相似文献
194.
Rising attention to the ‘social determinants of health’ puts questions of gender and class squarely on the public health agenda. Most health outcomes and health risk factors are inversely correlated with social class: people with better education, better jobs and higher incomes typically enjoy better health. By comparison, gender differences in health are quite variable, depending on the health outcome or risk of interest. Furthermore, the distribution of any given risk factor tends to vary from society to society, from time to time, and between specific sub-populations. Public health research rarely considers class and gender together. In this paper we summarise and problematise the interplay between gender and class in empirical research on the ‘problem’ of obesity. We suggest that some of the difficulties in explaining research findings arise from limitations in the evidence base used to measure obesity, conceptual ‘slippage’ between key terms like gender and sex, and an erasure of social class from academic language. It is via an examination of these issues that underpin current obesity research that we offer more innovative and effective ways to approach the underlying theoretical and health promotion problems. Nevertheless, we acknowledge the considerable practical and intellectual challenges of analysing and reporting social determinants like gender and class in an environment that demands certain kinds of scientific evidence. 相似文献
195.
Wyman JF Dean DE Yinger R Simmons A Brobst D Bissell M Silveira F Kelly N Shott R Ohr J Howard R Lewis B 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(3):694-699
Drug levels in decomposed individuals are difficult to interpret. Concentrations of 16 drugs were monitored in tissues (blood, brain, liver, kidney, muscle, and soil) from decomposing pigs for 1 week. Pigs were divided into groups (n = 5) with each group receiving four drugs. Drug cocktails were prepared from pharmaceutical formulations. Intracardiac pentobarbital sacrifice was 4 h after dosing, with tissue collection at 4, 24, 48, 96, and 168 h postdosing. Samples were frozen until assay. Detection and quantitation of drugs were through solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis. Brain and kidneys were not available after 48 h; liver and muscle persisted for 1 week. Concentration of drugs increased during decomposition. During 1 week of decomposition, muscle showed average levels increasing but concentrations in liver were increased many fold, compared to muscle. Attempting to interpret drug levels in decomposed bodies may lead to incorrect conclusions about cause and manner of death. 相似文献
196.
Kristie Patten Koenig Jill M. Feldman Dorothy Siegel Shirley Cohen Jamie Bleiweiss 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2014,42(4):248-263
Many students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are educated separately from their typically developing peers, while others are placed in inclusive classes but without supports that would help them benefit from less restrictive placements. The needs of students with ASD who are in inclusive settings are often not planned for or met appropriately, resulting in continuing problems and movement to increasingly restrictive environments or private placements. There is a critical need for school models to fill the gap in appropriate services for this population of children with ASD. These models should include those that are inclusive and academically challenging, that can be implemented by many school districts, and that are responsive to the unique combination of strengths and deficits in these students. In the current article, the authors describe the development and core components of the model, and implementation of the ASD Nest program in public schools in New York City. 相似文献
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