Expatriates as voters? The new dynamics of external voting in Sub-Saharan Africa

Expatriate voting has gained in importance over the last decade in Sub-Saharan Africa. This article gives an empirical overview of existing regulations in all independent states of the continent and examines some explanatory approaches in the African context. One approach claims that expatriate enfranchisement is a functional response to the increasing importance of migrants and their remittances. A second explanation refers to the role of domestic political structures and regime types. A third cluster of explanatory factors links external voting to the interests of political parties. Both in the broader comparative analysis and by looking more specifically at the cases of Ghana, South Africa, Cape Verde and Nigeria, all three approaches specifically contribute to understanding variation of external voting rights in Sub-Saharan Africa.     

Reference to a protected geographical indication on a composite food product

It is prohibited to refer to a geographical indication protectedunder Regulation 2081/92 on the label of a composite food productif the specific features of the PGI are not preserved.     

Culture Change Refined and Revitalized: The Road Show and Guides for Pragmatic Action

Despite a declining interest in the relationship between leadership, culture, and performance in the scholarly literature, culture change is alive and well among leaders in the public sector as a means to improve performance. This essay reviews the trajectory of culture studies and proposes a modest model of organizational culture that sets aside many of the conceptual and methodological arguments about culture, focusing instead on what leaders actually do to change culture. The model is examined in the context of organizational culture change efforts in the city of Alexandria, Virginia. Several practical and theoretical insights are offered from this pragmatic and leadership‐focused approach to culture.     

The decision makers

This is a report on family planning in 3 villages in India, Tanzania, and Bangladesh. The Indian and Tanzanian respondents favored large families and did not favor the practice of family planning because economic circumstances seemed to them to support the need for large families. The respondents in the Bangladesh villages realized that a large family could be an economic burden. There was some mention of rural health centers, primary health centers, and mobile matenal/child untis for the provision of health services to rural people. Knowledge regarding these services was not widespread or complete. Family planning education services must overcome the weight of ignorance, tradition, and misconceptions. The rural women in the Bangladesh villages observed were anxious to take oral contraceptives. Their need was for a regular source of supply, adequate education concerning the working of and possible side effects associated with pills, and proper medical supervision during their pill therapy.     

Invisible but infringing: when metatags are trade mark use

The German Federal Court of Justice has laid down the principlethat metatag use must be considered ‘use as a trade mark’.     

Health Policy Prior to the German Federal Election of 2013: The Party Political Marginalisation of a Previously Central Topic in Election Campaigns

The discussion on how to finance the Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) repeatedly appeared prominently in the political discussions of previous election campaigns for the German Bundestag. However, in 2013 this topic remained only marginal. The recent marginalisation of health policy is closely linked to the political processes and results inherent to a health ministry having the FDP at its helm from 2009 to 2013. The effects of several fundamental reforms introduced during this period closely follow the disputed market orientation of the liberal democratic thought and rendered the corresponding results. However, this was hardly perceived in public and the political discussion was distracted from health policy. The most ambitious project of the FDP and of parts of the Christian parties was the introduction of a health premium. Actually the CSU opposed its realisation. Other policies even contrasted the goals of the FDP.