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排序方式: 共有893条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
881.
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Minhong Lee Jimin Choi Sang Weon Kim Hwahwan Kim 《Asian Journal of Political Science》2016,24(2):182-195
This study was undertaken to develop and validate an instrument for gerontological policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to comprehensively assess the nature and severity of problems experienced by older adults. The Comprehensive Ageing Problem Scale (CAPS) for older adults living in the community was created as a reliable and valid instrument that is easy to use. A cross-sectional strategy was utilized, in which a total sample of 1060 older South Korean adults was selected (through a proportionate random-stratified sampling method) from four regions nationwide. The psychometric properties of the instrument were verified using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To achieve cross-validity, the total sample was randomly divided into two groups. The first group (for the EFA) was employed to identify the factor structure of the initial scale. The second group (for the CFA) was used to confirm the factor structure of the revised scale with the first group. The final version of the 19-item CAPS with four factors showed good internal consistency and a CFA confirmed the acceptability of the model fit. 相似文献
883.
Is local authority procurement supporting SMEs? An analysis of practice in English local authorities
Kim Loader 《Local Government Studies》2016,42(3):464-484
The UK coalition government wishes to improve the access of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to public procurement, in recognition of their importance to the economy and for the benefits they can bring to public procurement and the wider public sector. Local government provides a significant opportunity for small firms, spending £84 billion of the total procurement spend of £230 billion. However, about two-thirds of both small businesses and local authorities think that SMEs face barriers in successfully accessing public procurement. This paper examines how councils are supporting SMEs in the procurement process by analysing 67 entry forms to the ‘Best Councils to do business with’ competition. This unique data source has provided insight into councils’ attitudes and procurement practices, and demonstrates that although a wide range of supportive actions are being employed there is considerable diversity across councils. Ambiguities and tensions in policies, between local and central government, have also emerged. 相似文献
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Kevin A. Wright Byungbae Kim Laurie Chassin Sandra H. Losoya Alex R. Piquero 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(10):1781-1799
Serious youthful offenders are presented with a number of significant challenges when trying to make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. One of the biggest obstacles for these youth to overcome concerns their ability to desist from further antisocial behavior, and although an emerging body of research has documented important risk and protective factors associated with desistance, the importance of the neighborhoods within which these youth reside has been understudied. Guided by the larger neighborhood effects on crime literature, the current study examines the direct and indirect effects of concentrated disadvantage on youth reoffending among a sample of highly mobile, serious youthful offenders. We use data from Pathways to Desistance, a longitudinal study of serious youthful offenders (N = 1,354; 13.6 % female; 41.4 % African American, 33.5 % Hispanic, 20.2 % White), matched up with 2000 Census data on neighborhood conditions for youth’s main residence location during waves 7 and 8 of the study. These waves represent the time period in which youth are navigating the transition to adulthood (aged 18–22; average age = 20). We estimate structural equation models to determine direct effects of concentrated disadvantage on youth reoffending and also to examine the possible indirect effects working through individual-level mechanisms as specified by theoretical perspectives including social control (e.g., unsupervised peer activities), strain (e.g., exposure to violence), and learning (e.g., exposure to antisocial peers). Additionally, we estimate models that take into account the impact that a change in neighborhood conditions may have on the behavior of youth who move to new residences during the study period. Our results show that concentrated disadvantage is indirectly associated with youth reoffending primarily through its association with exposure to deviant peers. Taking into account youth mobility during the study period produced an additional indirect pathway by which concentrated disadvantage is associated with goal blockage (i.e., the gap between belief in conventional goals and perceived potential to reach those goals), which was then associated with exposure to deviant peers and indirectly, reoffending behavior. We conclude that the neighborhood effects literature offers a promising framework for continued research on understanding the successful transition to adulthood by serious youthful offenders. 相似文献
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Developmental taxonomies of crime disagree on whether distinctive offender trajectories are related to common or unique risks.
This study examined childhood risks of differing arrest trajectories across childhood through early adulthood (from ages 10–11
to 26–27 years) that were identified in prior work for 203 at-risk, predominantly Caucasian young men. Multivariate analyses
revealed that when both distal (childhood risk factors) and proximal risk factors (deviant peer association as a time-varying
covariate) were included in the model, relatively few childhood risk factors (assessed at age 9–10 years) discriminated the
chronic offender groups from rare offenders (i.e., child antisocial behavior, child attention problems, parents’ antisocial
behavior). Rather, deviant peer association was significantly related to levels of offending within each trajectory group (i.e., chronic and rare offender groups). No predictor differentially predicted membership in the two
chronic groups, supporting the linear gradation argument. Theoretical and prevention implications are discussed. 相似文献
889.
Lisa L. Liu Aprile D. Benner Anna S. Lau Su Yeong Kim 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(4):572-586
This study examined the role of adolescents’ and mothers’ self-reports of English and heritage language proficiency in youth’s
academic and emotional adjustment among 444 Chinese American families. Adolescents who were proficient in English tended to
exhibit higher reading achievement scores, math achievement scores, and overall GPA. Mothers who were English proficient tended
to have children with higher academic achievement and fewer depressive symptoms. Results also indicated that adolescents’
heritage language maintenance was associated with positive adjustment, particularly amongst foreign-born youth and for youth
whose parents were highly proficient in the heritage language. Mother-adolescent match in heritage language proficiency was
related to higher math achievement scores and overall GPA. Additionally, higher heritage language proficiency was associated
with fewer depressive symptoms for foreign-born but not U.S.-born youth. Overall, the findings suggest that proficiency in
both the English and heritage language may confer advantages to Chinese American youth.
Lisa L. Liu is a doctoral student in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she received her Masters in Clinical Psychology. Her research interests focus on the mental health of immigrant and minority families, including the role of parenting practices, parent–child relations, and socio-cultural factors on youth adjustment. Aprile D. Benner is a postdoctoral fellow at the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Education at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research interests center on adolescent development of low-income and minority youth, specifically investigating how adolescents navigate transition experiences in the early life course and how social contexts influence development. Anna S. Lau is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles where she also received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. A major objective of her research is to enhance the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for ethnic minority families and children at risk of parenting and child behavior problems. She has authored over 30 articles in the fields of children’s mental health services, child maltreatment, and minority family adjustment. Su Yeong Kim is an Assistant Professor in the School of Human Ecology, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development from the University of California, Davis. Her research interests include the role of cultural and family contexts that shape the development of adolescents in immigrant and minority families in the U.S. 相似文献
Lisa L. LiuEmail: |
Lisa L. Liu is a doctoral student in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she received her Masters in Clinical Psychology. Her research interests focus on the mental health of immigrant and minority families, including the role of parenting practices, parent–child relations, and socio-cultural factors on youth adjustment. Aprile D. Benner is a postdoctoral fellow at the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Education at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research interests center on adolescent development of low-income and minority youth, specifically investigating how adolescents navigate transition experiences in the early life course and how social contexts influence development. Anna S. Lau is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles where she also received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. A major objective of her research is to enhance the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for ethnic minority families and children at risk of parenting and child behavior problems. She has authored over 30 articles in the fields of children’s mental health services, child maltreatment, and minority family adjustment. Su Yeong Kim is an Assistant Professor in the School of Human Ecology, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development from the University of California, Davis. Her research interests include the role of cultural and family contexts that shape the development of adolescents in immigrant and minority families in the U.S. 相似文献
890.
Rebecca A. Colman Do Han Kim Susan Mitchell-Herzfeld Therese A. Shady 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):355-366
Although the number of girls served by the juvenile justice system has grown dramatically, little is known about the adult
offending patterns of delinquent girls and the factors associated with their persistence and desistance from adult crime.
To address this gap, we prospectively track 499 girls (62% Black, 16% Hispanic) discharged from juvenile justice facilities
in the early 1990s and document their adult arrests, convictions, and incarcerations between the ages of 16–28. Trajectory
analysis reveals four distinct early adult offending paths: Rare/Non-Offending (RN), Low Chronic (LC), Low-Rising (LR), and
High Chronic (HC). Girls assigned to the LR and LC path are responsible for a disproportionate amount of adult arrests and
are more likely than girls on the RN and LC path to come from homes characterized by high levels of family dysfunction and
child maltreatment. Adoption of a therapeutic, trauma-sensitive and family-centered approach to female delinquency programming
is recommended.
相似文献
Rebecca A. ColmanEmail: |