敬、静、净:儒道佛心性论比较之一

语言是思维的直接现实,也是文化的直接栽体.儒、道、佛三学是中国传统思想文化的主要资源.儒家提倡"敬",道家提倡"静",佛家则提倡"净".儒家强调"敬","敬"突出的是恭敬的态度、认真的作风和虔诚的精神;道家强调"静","静"突出的是保守自我,是不为外在事物所左右、所束缚;佛家强调"净","净"突出的是内在精神的自在、清明与空灵.儒、道、佛三家,其所突出的具体因素虽然有所不同,但并不是完全对立的.就心性论而言之,不管是儒家,是道家,还是佛家,都强调本体一境界一功夫的一致与贯通,都强调融功夫于境界,融境界于功夫.     

Pete Maravich's incredible heart

Postmortem examination of a former professional basketball player revealed an abnormal heart, most notably a single coronary artery. The literature on single coronary arteries is briefly reviewed, and the possible mechanism which caused the patient's condition is considered. This case is particularly unusual because of the patient's profession, which is so physically demanding.     

Comparison of fingernail striation patterns in identical twins.

The fingernail ridge patterns of a pair of identical twins were compared to each other, their parents, and an unrelated subject. The patterns of the twins' nails showed regions of strong similarity but were distinguishable from one another. Fewer similarities were found when comparing the nails to those of the parents and the unrelated control. The twins were shown to be monozygotic by means of DNA profiling. This therefore represents the first demonstration of unique fingernail ridge patterns in subjects shown conclusively to be identical twins. When the fingernail ridge patterns were examined with a scanning electron microscope, the backscattered electron (BEI) images were found to have superior contrast when compared to the secondary electron (SEI) images.     

Scales for perceived risk of student-on-student victimization in grades 7 through 10: A psychometric analysis of the adolescent index on school safety

Although past research has developed scales for the incidence, prevalence, and fear of student-on-student victimization (SSV), little is known about the scaling of perceived risk (i.e., the cognitive appraisal of the chances of experiencing SSV). Hence, this study examined self-report survey data for the perceived risk of SSV as measured in the Adolescent Index for School Safety (AISS). Children in grades 7 through 10 (n=337) in a single Florida public school completed the AISS. Factor analyses using Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Oblimin Rotation identified nine unique factors for perceived risk. Reliability analyses found standardized Cronbach Alphas that ranged from .64 to .91, and seven out of the nine identified scales were above .80, which suggested good to excellent internal consistency. Future research should examine the content validity, construct validity, and predictive validity for the AISS and other self-report surveys of SSV dynamics. This publication was made possible by a grant [#97-MU-FX-KO12 (S-l)] from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (O.J.J.D.P.), United States Department of Justice (U.S.D.O.J.). This grant is administered through the Hamilton Fish National Institute on School and Community Violence at George Washington University. This specific study was developed and implemented by staff at: 1) East Carolina University’s Department of Criminal Justice; and 2) Florida State University’s Center for Educational Research and Policy Studies. All points of view and opinions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of East Carolina University, Florida State University, the Hamilton Fish National Institute on School and Community Violence, the O.J.J.D.P., or the U.S.D.OJ. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Bill Doerner and Jennifer Jolley for their support, editorial feedback, and insightful comments regarding earlier drafts of this paper.     

保持农牧区党员先进性教育的思考

开展保持农牧区党员先进性教育活动,是新世纪新阶段加强和改进党的建设的基础性工程,是全面贯彻落实"三个代表"重要思想的重要载体.开展农牧区党员的先进性教育,必须要建立和完善教育管理机制,从根本上抓好思想上的教育提高,突出解决好党性、工作作风、素质、精神状态等方面的问题,使农牧区党员真正成为推动本地经济发展的引导者、示范者和实践者.     

十字路口：村庄民主何去何从？

当前,税费改革在大幅减轻农民负担的同时,“村—民”关系面临双重困境,即村委会供给公共物品的能力下降、对社会的行政控制能力下降。在已经变化了的社会条件与社会环境的情况下,村庄民主何去何从,是值得我们深思与探索的重大问题。     

跨文化交际中“颜”之源及语用失误

引言颜色词,即语言中用来描述事物颜色特征的词类。“颜色词属于‘文化限定词’,具有强大的民族文化特征,每个民族都有自己的颜色观。不同的民族文化中,同一种颜色表达不同的文化心理,引起不同的联想,具有不同的文化内涵。”①由于各民族在地理位置、历史背景、宗教信仰、气候条件等方面的巨大差异,同一颜色词在不同文化的读者中的联想和感觉自然不一样,从而形成了对颜色词有其独特的嗜好。这些差异给跨文化交际的人们带来诸多的不便,也容易使他们产生语用失误。为了减少交际失误,笔者认为研究和探索不同民族的不同颜色习惯很有必要。本文拟…     

Forensic psychiatry and malpractice

This paper concerning the last 87 malpractice cases referred to the Department of Psychiatry and Law, Menninger Clinic, includes 57 suits against mental health practitioners and/or institutions, and 30 nonpsychiatric suits against general hospitals, surgeons, obstetricians, etc. A patient was available for interview in only 12 percent of the psychiatric cases; in 88 percent we reviewed medical records and consulted with attorneys. In the psychiatric cases the crucial question was whether a generally accepted standard of care was breached. The inherent problems of applying appropriate criteria to standards of care by practitioners and institutions are discussed. In half the psychiatric cases we found no significant deviation from acceptable clinical performance; in half we concluded that negligent practice had occurred. We did see a litigant for evaluation in 90 percent of the nonpsychiatric cases. The main issue involving them concerned harm or disability related to presumed negligence by medical personnel. How we evaluate such cases and apply disability criteria is discussed.     

The extent of aspartic acid racemization in dentin: a possible method for a more accurate determination of age at death?

In the current study the objective was to find to what extent a reliable determination of age at death is made possible by establishing the degree of aspartic acid racemization in the dentin of teeth. The results of the investigation of 46 teeth are in agreement with the values found by other authors. The method presented makes a reproducible and accurate estimation of age possible. We intend to elaborate and improve this promising method for determination of age at death. The relevant points are presented here.