Roadside detection of impairment under the influence of ketamine--evaluation of ketamine impairment symptoms with reference to its concentration in oral fluid and urine

Although there are many roadside testing devices available for the screening of abused drugs, none of them can be used for the detection of ketamine, a popular abused drug in Hong Kong. In connection to local drug driving legislation, effective roadside detection of ketamine in suspected drug-impaired drivers has to be established. According to the drug evaluation and classification program (DEC), ketamine is classified in the phencyclidine (PCP) category. However, no study has been performed regarding the signs and symptoms exhibited by users under the influence of ketamine. In a study to develop a protocol for effective roadside detection of drug-impaired drivers, 62 volunteers exiting from discos were assessed using field impairment tests (FIT) that included measurements of three vital signs (i.e. body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure), three eye examinations [pupil size, lack of convergence (LOC) and horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN)] and four divided attention tests (Romberg, one-leg stand, finger-to-nose and walk-and-turn tests). Subsequent laboratory analysis of oral fluid and urine samples from the participants revealed the presence of common abused drugs in both the urine and oral fluid samples of 55 subjects. The remaining 7 subjects with no drug in their oral fluid samples were used as drug-free subjects. In addition, 10 volunteers from the laboratory who were regarded as drug-free subjects were also assessed using the same FIT. Among the 62 volunteers, 39 of them were detected with ketamine in their oral fluid. Of these ketamine users, 21 of them (54%) with only ketamine found in their oral fluid samples while the rest (18 subjects) of them had other drugs (i.e. MA, MDMA, benzodiazepines and/or THC) in addition to ketamine. Of the 21 ketamine-only users, 15 of them (71%) were successfully identified by FIT. It was found that when salivary ketamine concentrations were greater than 300 ng/mL, signs of impairment became evident, with over 90% detection rate using the FIT. By comparing the FIT observations on the 21 ketamine-only users with the drug-free subjects, the typical signs and symptoms observable for subjects under the influence of ketamine included LOC, HGN, elevated pulse rate and in general, failing the divided attention tests, especially the walk-and-turn and one-leg stand.     

贵州文化旅游发展创新区研究

今年1月12号《国务院关于进一步促进贵州经济社会又好又快发展的若干意见》（国发[2012]2号）将全国文化旅游发展创新区作为贵州的定位之一,此定位对贵州文化旅游业的发展具有里程碑意义。多姿多彩的贵州文化旅游资源是创新区发展的不竭源泉和坚实基础。将文化旅游发展创新区研究上升到理论高度,对于创新区建设实践具有重要的指导意义。     

论参政党建设的目标选择——以中国特色政党制度的功能与价值为视角

政党建设目标,是政党自身建设所要达到的境地或标准。政党建设目标的确定,对于政党的发展具有重要意义。政党建设离不开它所处的政治系统,政党制度直接决定了政党建设的目标。参政党建设的目标选择,直接取决于中国特色政党制度。中国特色政党制度的功能决定着参政党建设的近期目标,价值决定和指导着参政党建设的长远目标。     

论民事诉讼当事人逾期举证的法律后果

逾期举证的法律后果是整个举证时限制度的核心。新修订的《民事诉讼法》增加了举证时限制度,并规定了责令当事人说明逾期理由,再由法官决定采纳逾期证据或证据失权的法律后果,但这样规定仍存在问题。出于对程序公正兼实体公正的保障,逾期举证的法律后果应以证据失权为原则,采纳逾期证据为例外。采纳逾期证据的同时,应当对逾期当事人予以费用制裁。     

Fact Checking and Information in the Age of Covid

The Covid-19 pandemic has revealed and accelerated an information crisis as well as a health one. What we discover about Covid 19, how it spreads, to whom and why and how best to mitigate it—all depend on information. The essays in this special section, which this article introduces, explore the importance of information and the fundamental role of fact checkers in understanding how information flows, why mistakes are made, and how to counteract them. Fact checking as an idea and a practice emerged in the early twenty-first century, developed as a positive beacon to counteract a growing sense that information could no longer be trusted. Now, more than a decade after its creation, fact checking sits within a far more complex and chaotic media context, and its expertise and understanding has never been so important. We need to understand what fact checkers do because they are grappling with how to tether us to reality.     

新时代青年“四史”学习教育的价值、目标及实施路径

“四史”学习教育在对时代新人的培育全局中,始终占据着核心地位,是新时代加强和创新青年思想政治教育的重要着力点,关系到构建新时代高校思想政治工作体系、解决青年学生现实需要、培养初心使命型青年人才等重大使命。学习习近平总书记关于“四史”重要论述,大力加强青年“四史”学习教育是引导青年有效抵制历史虚无主义思潮的强大武器,是促进青年全面发展的政治要求,是推进党和人民事业行稳致远的应有之义。因此,必须要从强化顶层设计,建立科学高效的组织机制、坚持以史育人,打造“四史”育人新模式、创新环境媒介,充分激发历史资源活力等路径,以实现培养具有坚定理想信念的青年马克思主义者、树立正确的历史观,科学认识社会发展规律、激发爱国奋斗热情,在实践成才中砥砺品格的育人目标。     

社会治理辨析:一个多元的概念

从上世纪末引起学术界注意的"社会治理"成为执政党国家治理体系的重要组成部分。但是如何正确认识来自西方语境下的社会治理是学术界应该关注的问题。现代治理概念与西方发达国家成熟的市场经济与公民社会直接相关,但在中国语境下具有极为不同的意涵。从传统到现代的中国社会治理实践表明,当代中国的多元治理仍然以国家权力为主导,但社会也具有一定的自主性,国家需要通过社会中间层达到对社会的治理。在实现工业化过程中,社会治理也是现代性不断获得的过程,因此,社会治理又是一个不断规训的过程。