Immunohistochemical distribution of C-reactive protein in the hepatic tissue in forensic autopsy

Previously, we examined the expression of C-reactive protein (CRP) in hepatic tissues in fatal injuries (injury deaths) immunohistochemically, and classified the CRP distribution into three patterns: diffuse (D-) pattern, diffuse with strong positivity in the hepatic lobules; periportal (PP-) pattern, characterized by positive cells in the periportal region of some lobules; focal (F-) pattern, showing small islands of positive cells in some lobules. There was a relationship between the CRP distribution and the survival time. In this study, we further analyzed the deaths including those due to other than fatal injuries (non-injury deaths), and a study of a total of 314 deaths from various causes was performed. Generally, non-injury deaths showed findings similar to those in injury deaths. PP- and/or F-patterns were observed in 43.7% of cases having a short survival time (<6 h), but found in only 3% of those surviving longer (>6 h), showing that such findings are suggestive of a short survival time. D-pattern was found more frequently in non-acute deaths (60.4%), than in acute deaths (10.9%). In acute deaths, D-pattern was found in some cases showing extensive tissue injuries, such as burns and polytrauma, and inflammative predisposition. Immunohistochemical findings also showed some correlation with the serum CRP level. Our data suggest that hepatic CRP immunohistochemistry may be a useful tool for elucidating the dying process.     

Immunohistochemistry of pulmonary surfactant apoprotein A in forensic autopsy: reassessment in relation to the causes of death

To reassess the immunohistochemical distribution of pulmonary surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) in relation to the causes of death, 282 forensic autopsy cases were reviewed. The most intense and dense granular immunostaining of intra-alveolar SP-A was observed in the hyaline membrane syndrome from various traumas, protracted death from drowning, and perinatal aspiration of amniotic fluid. Similar granular staining pattern was found in fatal poisoning by a muscle relaxant and organophosphate pesticides. An evident increase of intra-alveolar granular staining was noted in most fatalities from mechanical asphyxia and drowning, and some cases of fire death. SP-A staining was usually very weak or sparse in alcohol intoxication, poisoning by hypnotics and also carbon monoxide poisoning. These findings suggest that the amount of intra-alveolar granular SP-A staining may be a possible indicator of severity and duration of respiratory distress (agony) from peripheral (non-central nervous system) origin and alveolar damage.     

Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A levels in cadaveric sera with reference to the cause of death

Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) is an exclusively lung specific protein, and is considered to leak into the blood stream in alveolar septal damage. In this study we examined the serum SP-A level in forensic autopsy materials using an enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies to assess the postmortem level in relation to the cause and mode of death. Although a gradual postmortem degradation should be taken into consideration, topological relationship of serum level seemed to be fairly stable (arterial> or =venous blood in most cases), indicating no evident influence of postmortem diffusion. Significant elevation of serum SP-A (76.7-250 ng/ml in left heart blood) was observed in hyaline membrane diseases from various causes independent of the postmortem intervals (<30 h). However, mean SP-A levels in postmortem heart blood were usually low in asphyxia including hanging, strangulation and choking (left, 25.5 ng/ml; right, 22.3 ng/ml), polytrauma (left, 13.1 ng/ml; right, 9.0 ng/ml) and stab wound to the neck (left, 34.1 ng/ml; right, 29.4 ng/ml). Prominent elevation was noted in a case of fatal strangulation with complication of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and also in some deaths due to drowning, burns in fires, blunt and gunshot chest injuries. These findings indicated that postmortem elevation of serum SP-A levels was associated with alveolar septal damage due to inflammation, mechanical and physical stresses, which caused leakage of SP-A into the bloodstream.     

以“三个代表”思想为指导加强思想政治工作

以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,进一步加强思想政治工作,最大限度地调动人民群众的积极性和创造性,以加速我国社会主义现代化建设.     

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经济发展的实践表明,信息网络技术的发展和应用改变了企业经营理念、经营组织、经营方式和经营方法,不断促使企业飞速发展.网络营销作为一种全新的营销方式,是适应网络技术发展与信息网络社会变革的新事物.本文立足西部地区中小企业发展的特殊性,在简单分析其网络营销现状、面临主要问题的基础上,提出了促进欠发达区域中小企业如何利用网络营销,促进自身较快健康发展的对策建议.     

重塑政府文化:推进行政体制改革的重要思路

政府是政治权力主体的承载者,政府自身的文明程度是政治文明的重要标志.从政治文化的角度考察行政体制改革,可以使人关注那些行政规制背后的主观制约因素,并有助于清理那些影响着政府官员"行政行为"的内在动因.可以说,重塑政府文化对于行政体制改革具有重要的促进作用.     

不仅仅是"权大还是法大"——一起执法者"下课"案例研究

本文通过对一起行政许可案例的分析,探讨当前行政执法中若干具有典型性的问题,阐释依法行政与经济发展及行政体制改革、舆论监督的关系,强调公务员提高法律思维能力、坚持依法办事的重要性及侧重点。     

中、韩、日三国女性战后教育、家庭地位变化及其异同

本文通过对中、韩、日三国女性现代社会地位的发展变化及其表现进行对比,着重分析随着二战结束和国际妇女运动的发展,三国女性在现代教育、家庭地位方面各自出现的变化以及造成这种变化的原因.     

WTO体制中成员集团化趋向发展及中国的选择析论

多哈发展议程启动以来,成员集团化的趋向逐渐凸现并得到进一步强化,国家或地区的利益集团组合对多边贸易体制产生了深刻影响.主要谈判议题处于几大利益集团对峙的场域.国家利益集团化有利于集体优势的发挥,改变了谈判的传统格局,但同时也产生了新的问题.其生成机理是多层次的.中国的利益是多方面的,作为发展中国家,应当对此作出自己的战略选择及定位,进而更好地维护国家经济主权和经济权益.     

党章:党的先进性建设的基石

党章的先进性、权威性、规范性决定党章在党的先进性建设中起着至关重要的作用.我们要通过强化党章意识、党员意识、党章权威,加强制度建设,重视创新工作,夯实党章基石,筑牢党的先进性大厦.