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991.
992.
Assessing the Relative Importance of the Child Sexual Abuse Interview Protocol Items to Assist Child Victims in Abuse Disclosure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study identifies (1) the importance of using the Child Sexual Abuse Interview Protocol for multiple disciplines to obtain
detailed information of what the alleged child victims say and claim, and (2) the concurrence of multiple professionals about
the relevance of items in the protocol in their practice. A survey with 100 items based on the Child Sexual Abuse Interview
Protocol was self administered by 36 professionals working at a child advocacy center including administrators, attorneys,
child advocates, support persons, physicians, police, psychologists, and social workers. These respondents unanimously felt
it was very important for interviewers to complete two specific items during the course of an investigative interview: “showing the interviewer
is listening to the child” and “showing patience with the child.” As indicated by the average rating scores, 89 items were
perceived between very important and important, and nine items as somewhat important. No item on this scale was rated as doesn’t matter or unimportant. Social workers and police officers did not differ significantly in their ratings of the importance of these items. Both
quantitative and qualitative results support four major considerations when using an interview guide: 1) flexibility in opening
and closing the interview, 2) professional and appropriate use of the anatomical dolls, 3) assessment of the age and mental
state of the child, and 4) determination of the order of questions based on severity of incidents. This study provides data
to identify the importance of using a comprehensive interview protocol for multidisciplinary professionals who work with alleged
victims of child sexual abuse. The use of these 100 items will enhance the effectiveness of conducting a one-time interview
to avoid repeated interviews. This study that was originally aimed at comparing differences among professionals has, in fact,
demonstrated the similarities across disciplines, as agreement among various professional groups was substantial. This finding
dissolves the myth that multiple disciplines brought forth diverse opinions and instead encourages the “working together”
concept of a team. 相似文献
993.
Egbert Zavala 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(1):23-31
This study examines the role that deviance plays in reducing the willingness of victims of violence to report to the authorities.
Using data from several thousand individuals in the United States, the author found conditional support for the deviance/reporting
link. For instance, victims using drugs were no more or less likely to report than those who did not use drugs. But if they
were high or drunk during the victimization, they were less likely to report. 相似文献
994.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical and emotional abuse in Portuguese juvenile dating
relationships and to investigate attitudes about these forms of violence. A sample of 4,667 participants, aged 13 to 29 years,
completed two questionnaires, one behavioral and one attitudinal. At least one act of abuse perpetrated by a dating partner
during the previous year was reported by 25.4% of participants (13.4% reported to have been victims of physical abuse and
19.5% of emotional abuse). Abuse of a partner was reported by 30.6% of participants; at least one act of physical abuse was
reported by 18.1% and of emotional abuse by 22.4%. The attitudinal data revealed, however, a general disapproval of violence
use. Violence support was higher among males, participants with lower educational and social status and those who had never
been involved in a dating relationship. Women reported more acts of partner abuse than males; no gender differences were found
regarding self-reported victimization. Both perpetration and victimization were reported more by older students. Although
university students tend to report more acts of general and emotional abuse against their partners, students from professional
schools are more represented among both perpetrators and victims of physical and severe violence. The best predictors of violence
were educational status and attitudes toward partner. 相似文献
995.
Peter A. Weiss Katherine J. Bell William U. Weiss 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2010,25(1):49-55
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of criminal malingering on the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC)
scales. Sixty undergraduate students were given the MMPI-2 twice. One administration was conducted according to the MMPI-2
manual, and the other was given with a special set of malingering instructions specific to a prison setting. The two MMPI-2
profiles for each participant were scored for both the Basic and RC scales. Eight participants were eliminated from the data
analysis due to validity (VRIN or TRIN) concerns. Data from the remaining 52 participants were analyzed using a 2 × 2 repeated
measures ANOVA. Results showed that, as expected, the participants achieved higher MMPI-2 scores in the malingering condition.
Also, participants achieved higher scores overall on the Basic scales and a significant interaction showed that participants
achieved higher scores on the Basic Scales in the malingering condition than on the RC scales in that condition. These results
supported prior research, indicating that malingerers produce elevated RC profiles. However, the present results also suggest
that the Basic scales may be more effective in actually detecting malingerers, mainly due to the much lower ceiling on the
RC scaled scores. Further implications of these findings for research and clinical work are also discussed. 相似文献
996.
Lisa M. Perez Jeremy Jones David R. Englert Daniel Sachau 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2010,25(2):113-124
This study examines the psychological impact of viewing disturbing media on investigators engaged in computer forensics work.
Twenty-eight federal law enforcement personnel who investigate Internet child pornography cases completed measures of secondary
traumatic stress disorder (STSD) and burnout. Substantial percentages of investigators reported poor psychological well-being.
Greater exposure to disturbing media was related to higher levels of STSD and cynicism. STSD and burnout scores were related
to increased protectiveness of family, reliance on co-workers, general distrust, and turnover intentions. On a positive note,
investigators scored high in professional efficacy, indicating they feel their work makes a difference. Furthermore, personnel
with supportive relationships scored lower on both STSD and burnout. 相似文献
997.
Barry J. Koch 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2010,25(2):90-98
When a suicide is completed, police officers are often among the first responders. Little attention has been paid to the emotional
and psychological impact on the police officer in this specific situation. This study examines the effects encounters with
completed suicides have on the emotional and psychological well-being of the police officer. This is a qualitative study,
which intends to bring alive the feelings, thoughts, actions, choices, and challenges of police officers who have encountered
completed suicides as imparted through participants' stories. Interviews were done with eight police officers. In addition,
interviews were done with a coroner, a police chaplain, and a police psychologist to add some unique perspectives to the police
officers’ experiences of encountering completed suicides. Interviews were done in a semi-structured, focused format involving
an ongoing fine-tuning of questions. The overarching finding reveals the central role played by police culture in shaping
how police officers come to perceive this experience, and how they subsequently choose to mediate it. This study identifies
ten strategies police officers use to mediate this experience, and discusses the possible psychological consequences of employing
each strategy. 相似文献
998.
Anthony A. Braga Andrew V. Papachristos David M. Hureau 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(1):33-53
Boston, like many other major U.S. cities, experienced an epidemic of gun violence during the late 1980s and early 1990s that
was followed by a sudden large downturn in gun violence in the mid 1990s. The gun violence drop continued until the early
part of the new millennium. Recent advances in criminological research suggest that there is significant clustering of crime
in micro places, or “hot spots,” that generate a disproportionate amount of criminal events in a city. In this paper, we use
growth curve regression models to uncover distinctive developmental trends in gun assault incidents at street segments and
intersections in Boston over a 29-year period. We find that Boston gun violence is intensely concentrated at a small number
of street segments and intersections rather than spread evenly across the urban landscape between 1980 and 2008. Gun violence
trends at these high-activity micro places follow two general trajectories: stable concentrations of gun assaults incidents
over time and volatile concentrations of gun assault incidents over time. Micro places with volatile trajectories represent
less than 3% of street segments and intersections, generate more than half of all gun violence incidents, and seem to be the
primary drivers of overall gun violence trends in Boston. Our findings suggest that the urban gun violence epidemic, and sudden
downturn in urban gun violence in the late 1990s, may be best understood by examining highly volatile micro-level trends at
a relatively small number of places in urban environments. 相似文献
999.
David F. Greenberg 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(4):437-443
1000.
Min Xie 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(2):237-268
Past research examining the association between residential segregation and homicide victimization has often considered only
one dimension of segregation, and the literature that does use a multidimensional approach has not presented a uniform set
of findings. The majority of the studies have focused on the experiences of Blacks, while overlooking the possibility that
the differences between the structure of Black and Hispanic communities may alter the conclusions for Hispanics. In this study,
we argue that in order to understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of segregation on homicide, we need to understand
the multidimensional structure of Black and Hispanic segregation, and examine whether the relationship between segregation
and homicide differs for Blacks and Hispanics. Using 2000 census data and homicide data from the National Vital Statistics
System (1999–2001) for U.S. metropolitan areas, we identify two empirically distinct superdimensions of segregation (group
separateness and centralized concentration), both of which have a substantial positive and statistically significant impact
on homicide victimization for both Blacks and Hispanics. 相似文献