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61.
Vikas Premlal. Meshram MD Raghavendra Singh Shekhawat MD Sathish Ayyappan MD Meenakshi Rao MD Tanuj Kanchan MD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(4):1405-1409
Deaths due to electrocution are mostly accidental. Homicide by electrocution is rarely reported in the literature. However, the location and pattern of the electrocution wound can raise concern for a possible homicidal manner of death. We are reporting an unusual case wherein the dead body of a middle-aged man was found lying in a suspicious condition on the roadside of desolated area. There were circumferential, grooved electrocution lesions over the left and right second toes with oval electrocution lesions on the medial aspects of both the left and right third toes. There were split lacerations over the right high parietal region, right pinna, and forehead. There was avulsion of the nail of the left thumb. Pressure abrasion was consistent with a ligature mark on the lower part of the left leg. The locations and pattern of these injuries raised the possibility of torture infliction. Death was attributed to electrocution, which was confirmed by histopathology. Autopsy findings and possible inferences were furnished to the police. This case highlights the careful observation of different characterizations and locations of the wounds and deducing inferences about the possible manner of death. This information can be useful to investigating agencies. 相似文献
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Alberto Fernández-Liste MD Antonio González-Cantalapiedra PhD José L. Cascallana PhD MD Tomás García-Caballero PhD MD Rosalía Gallego PhD MD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(4):1228-1236
More than two decades ago, Marmarou published a valid model for producing diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats. Since then, both mild and severe injuries have been obtained by researchers using the original method and a weight of 450 g. However, the diffuse brain injuries produced in rats were only similar to those seen in humans when the rats sustained severe brain injuries. In these cases, rat mortality in the original article was around 50%, and the cause of death was prolonged apnea post-impact. Rat survival after impact is critical for studying the progression of DAI. In order to explain the cause of death in human victims with cranial trauma who do not show gross brain injury, testing for the presence of DAI is essential. Thus, in order to minimize local and cervical injuries to increase rat survival, attention should be paid to the following aspects: a wider head protector disc should be used, the head of the rat should be elevated at the time of impact, and the foam bed should be soft enough to allow the movement caused by acceleration. With our modified method, rat survival increased by 30% compared to the original model (80% versus 50%). Moreover, 85.7% of rats demonstrated DAI after 24 h of survival. With these modifications, injuries appear in the same locations as in humans; thus, the method is suitable for the study of traumatic DAI in humans. 相似文献
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Torfinn Beer MD Björn Bäckström MD Anders Ottosson MD PhD Anders Rietz MD Jean-François Michard MD PhD Johanna Loisel MD Oscar Sandberg MD Anders Eriksson MD PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(2):509-517
The goal of a medico-legal autopsy is primarily to determine the cause and manner of death. To this end, the pathologist often uses auxiliary analyses, including histology. However, the utility of routine histology in all medico-legal autopsies is unknown. Earlier studies on the utility of routine histology have shown inconsistent effects, with some studies recommending it and others rejecting it. To study the degree to which histology informs on the underlying cause of death, we sent autopsy reports from suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths to senior board-certified forensic pathologists and had them assess the cause of death, first without knowledge of the histological findings and then with knowledge thereof. Fifty cases were identified in each of four subgroups: fire-, immersion-, suspension-, and traffic-related deaths. The autopsy reports were anonymized, and the histological findings and conclusions were removed. Two board-certified forensic pathologists independently reviewed the reports in each subgroup and assessed the manner and underlying cause of death (including their certainty of this assessment on a five-level scale) with and without access to histological findings. The probability of changing the underlying cause of death posthistology was low in all study groups. There was a slight increase in the degree of certainty posthistology in cases where the underlying cause of death was not changed, but only when the antehistology certainty was low. Our results suggest that histology does not meaningfully inform on the underlying cause of death in suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths except when antehistology certainty is low. 相似文献
64.
Takumi Minamiyama MD Masataka Kawamoto DDS Ryota Matsunari MD Deng Ting MD Hiroshi Ikegaya MD PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(4):1401-1404
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is used in clinical medicine as a particularly important indicator to determine pregnancy. In this study, it was necessary to determine whether the urine spots on car seat fabric from a murder 5 years previously were from a pregnant woman. The HCG in the dried urine spot on a car seat was detected using an immunochromatography kit. It was found that the HCG in urine can be detected for much longer periods of time than the previously reported period of approximately 6 months. 相似文献
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Tanuj Kanchan M.B.B.S. D.F.M. M.D. Prateek Rastogi M.B.B.S. M.D. P.G.D.M.L.E. P.G.D.C.F.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(3):546-550
Abstract: When dismembered human remains are encountered, the decedent's sex may not be obvious. For these scenarios, techniques for sex determination may play a vital part of the medicolegal investigation. Five hundred hands (230 males, 270 females) from North and South Indian region were studied to investigate sexual dimorphism in hand dimensions (hand length, hand breadth, and palm length). The hand index (hand breadth/hand length × 100) and the palm index (hand breadth/palm length × 100) were derived. The hand dimensions show a higher accuracy in sex determination when compared to indices. Of all hand dimensions, hand breadth has the highest accuracy of sex determination in the study group. The sex differences were found to be statistically significant only for the hand index on the left side. The morphometric parameters of the hand show considerable sexual dimorphism in the Indian population while the hand and palm index remain poor sex indicators. The study thus has medicolegal implications when a dismembered hand is brought for examination. 相似文献
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Sonu H. Subba M.B.B.S. M.D. D.N.B. ; Valsalakumari S. Binu M.Sc. ; Ritesh G. Menezes M.B.B.S. M.D. P.G.D.M.L.S. D.N.B ; Tanuj Kanchan M.B.B.S. M.D. D.F.M. ; Mohanram Arun M.B.B.S. M.D. D.N.B. ; Rajkumar Patil M.B.B.S. M.D. ; Sadip Pant M.B.B.S. ; Archana Saha M.B.B.S. M.D. ; Asis De M.B.B.S. M.D. ; Manu S. Rana M.P.H. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(3):704-707
Abstract: Acts of deliberate self-harm (DSH) not only affect the people directly involved, but also have grave psychological and social impact on the family and community. In the present study, a cohort of 173 cases of DSH reported from April 2002 to March 2005 was retrospectively analyzed, by perusing the medicolegal register maintained by the Emergency Department at the Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara in the Western Development Region of Nepal. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 10.1. More than two-thirds of total cases were females. About 60% of cases were observed in the age group of 15–24 years. Poisoning (89.6%) was the most preferred method of deliberate self-harm. Organophosphate pesticides were consumed in nearly two-thirds of the poisoning cases. The majority of cases were reported during the months of May to July and had occurred during the last quarter of the day. More than a twofold increase was observed in the frequency of cases during the 3-year study period. The said observations were compared and contrasted with the available literature across the globe. The presentation is concluded by highlighting the limitations encountered in Nepal and the scope to overcome the same. 相似文献
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Tanuj Kanchan M.D. D.F.M. ; Ritesh G. Menezes M.D. D.N.B. ; Rohan Moudgil M.Sc. ; Ramneet Kaur M.Sc. ; M.S. Kotian M.Sc. ; Rakesh K. Garg Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(1):163-166
Abstract: Stature is a significant parameter in establishing identity of an unknown. Conventionally, researchers derive regression formula separately for males and females. Sex, however, may not always be determined accurately, particularly in dismembered remains and thus the need for a universal regression formula for stature estimation irrespective of sex of an individual. The study was carried out in an endogamous group of North India to compare the accuracy of sex-specific regression models for stature estimation from foot length with the models derived when the sex was presumed as unknown. The study reveals that regression equation derived for the latter can estimate stature with reasonable accuracy. Thus, stature can be estimated accurately from foot length by regression analysis even when sex remains unknown. 相似文献
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Ritesh G. Menezes M.D. D.N.B. Tanuj Kanchan M.D. Sharada Rai M.D. P. P. Jagadish Rao M.D. D.N.B. Ramadas Naik M.D. B. Suresh Kumar Shetty M.D. Stany W. Lobo Ph.D. Aman Chauhan M.B.B.S. Mahabalesh Shetty M.D. Alka Mary Mathai M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(3):835-838
Abstract: Sudden unexplained deaths, especially those unwitnessed can lead to forensic issues and would necessitate the need for a meticulous and complete postmortem examination including ancillary investigations to discover the cause of death. We herein report a case of sudden unexplained death caused by malaria in an apparently healthy individual. This fatal case is presented to remind the forensic pathologist of the possibility of malaria as a cause of sudden unexplained death in malaria‐endemic regions. In the present case, histopathological examination demonstrated the presence of parasitized red blood cells with malarial pigment in the blood capillaries in the brain, myocardium, pericardium, lungs, kidneys, liver, and the spleen. Cerebral malaria with acute renal insufficiency or pulmonary edema with an acute respiratory distress syndrome might have been the cause of death. 相似文献