2006年中共八大研究的几个热点问题

中共八大是党在重大历史转折关头召开的一次具有里程碑意义的会议,这次会议的召开及会议所取得的多方面的突出成就,标志着中国共产党人开始独立探索适合中国国情的社会主义建设道路.     

关于宪法至上的几点思考

宪法至上是权利文化的产物 ,是法治文明的首要标志 ,它由形式上的宪法至上 (制度宣言 )和实质意义上的宪法至上 (国民的宪法至上意识 )所组成。中国社会宪法至上的关键在于实质意义上的宪法至上。针对中国民众传统的权力中心思想 ,实现中国社会实质的宪法至上在于培育中国人的权利精神和中国社会的权利文化。     

金融危机与经济失衡的思考

美国金融危机引发世界经济失衡并对实体经济产生了冲击.中国在金融危机冲击实体经济后出现迅速的宏观经济格局变化以及调控政策的方向性改变.中国以积极的财政政策和灵活的货币政策应对经济内外失衡,在世界经济危机中抓住机遇深化改革.构建中国协调发展的宏观经济体系,并为世界经济秩序的稳定做出应有的贡献.     

A meta-analysis of the correlates of turnover intent in criminal justice organizations: Does agency type matter?

Purpose

The study synthesizes the literature on turnover intentions to assess what domains (e.g., personal characteristics, work environment, and job attitudes) account for the strongest association with turnover intent, what are the characteristics of these relationships, and how do these relationships differ by criminal justice practitioner type.

Methods

The current study utilizes a systematic review to obtain studies for conducting a meta-analysis. The researchers utilized the r family/correlation coefficient. Studies were weighted by sample size, correlations converted to Fisher’s z, analyses performed, and results converted back to r for interpretation.

Results

In terms of the individual predictors for law enforcement, the five strongest variables included alternative job search behavior, job satisfaction, psychological distress, emotional exhaustion, procedural and distributive justice. The five strongest predictors of turnover intent for institutional corrections were normative commitment, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, affective commitment, and job satisfaction. The five strongest predictors for community corrections included experience, alternative job search behavior, perceptions of coworkers, growth need strength, and job satisfaction.

Conclusions

The results of the meta-analysis confirmed the domain of personal characteristics, overall, has the weakest association with turnover intent whereas work environment and job attitude domains consistently display moderate-to-large effects for both law enforcement and corrections.     

疫情防控背景下图利型犯罪治理对策

在新型冠状病毒蔓延的背景下,全国上下勠力同心、共克时艰的同时,也发生了一批制假售假、非法经营以及诈骗等贪财图利型犯罪案件。犯罪主体多元化、犯罪手段网络化以及涉案财物集中化等成为疫情防控期间图利型犯罪的特性;疫情用品供求失衡、市场部门监管不力、民众恐疫情绪严重以及市场经济体制不完善等是造成图利型犯罪频现的成因。面对新情况、新问题,有必要寻求多方位的对策治理:完善市场监管机制,加强刑事打击力度,严惩不法分子;排解民众恐疫情绪,提高民众识真辨假的能力;继续加强社会道德规范建设;完善应急医疗保障体系。     

Public Employment: Attractiveness,Representativeness, and Performance

The functions of the public sector penetrate almost all aspects of social life. Considering the tremendous implications that government employment holds for economic health and other aspects, it is understandable that the processes controlling entry to these jobs are subject to widespread concern. Democratic norms call for a representative bureaucracy. The large size and increasingly mono-ethnic of the Malaysian civil service have caused concern for some time. This study suggests that job characteristics, some background and personal characteristics are significant determinants of graduating students’ job choice. The study also demonstrates how representative bureaucracy would affect performance of the public sector.     

五四平民教育思潮的演变、分化和发展

]平民教育思潮是五四时期的一种重要思潮 ,它有一个发展和变化的过程 ,即从最初提倡向平民传授基本知识和民主思想 ,进而发展为探索中国社会根本改造的方向和道路。在这个过程中 ,这一思潮呈现出了不同的分化和演进方向。这种分化和演变 ,反映了在我国革命从旧民主主义向新民主主义转变的历史时期 ,出现新旧思想交替 ,各种政治和教育思想呈现明显不同发展的情形     

Autosomal short tandem repeat analysis of ancient DNA by coupled use of mini- and conventional STR kits

Abstract: Multiplex autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping enables researchers to obtain genetic information from ancient human samples. In this study, we tested newly developed AmpF?STR^® MiniFiler? kit for autosomal STR analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA), using human femurs (n = 8) collected from medieval Korean tombs. After extracting aDNA from the bones, autosomal STR analyses were repeated for each sample using the AmpF?STR^® MiniFiler? and Identifiler? kits. Whereas only 21.87% of larger‐sized loci profiles could be obtained with the Identifiler? kit, 75% of the same loci profiles were determined by MiniFiler? kit analysis. This very successful amplification of large‐sized STR markers from highly degraded aDNA suggests that the MiniFiler? kit could be a useful complement to conventional STR kit analysis of ancient samples.     

A Unified Method for Dynamic and Cross‐Sectional Heterogeneity: Introducing Hidden Markov Panel Models

Conventional statistical methods for panel data are based on the assumption that unobserved heterogeneity is time constant. Despite the central importance of this assumption for panel data methods, few studies have developed statistical methods for testing this assumption and modeling time‐varying unobserved heterogeneity. In this article, I introduce a formal test to check the assumption of time‐constant unobserved heterogeneity using Bayesian model comparison. Then, I present two panel data methods that account for time‐varying unobserved heterogeneity in the context of the random‐effects model and the fixed‐effects model, respectively. I illustrate the utility of the introduced methods using both simulated data and examples drawn from two important debates in the political economy literature: (1) the identification of shifting relationships between income inequality and economic development in capitalist countries and (2) the effects of the GATT/WTO on bilateral trade volumes.