Some issues concerning women in senior management: a case study from Ghana

This article considers issues concerning women's managerial careers in the Ghanaian Civil Service, which have emerged from an analysis of data collected in Accra as part of a Government of Ghana project supported by the United Kingdom Department for International Development. This examined the position and status of Women in Public Life in Ghana and was known as the WIPL project. Within this project, information was collected from women civil servants, and it is this which is presented here. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

未成年人刑事案件中法定代理人制度研究

未成年人犯罪将“未成年人权益保护”推进至刑事法平台,在此语境之下,法定代理人作为一种法定派生,其价值归属直接指向未成年人的权益保护。然而,通观我国刑事法,有关法定代理人的规定甚少,且涵义不清,与其它部门法的衔接也存在诸多失衡。本文对此作出回应,以未成年人法律保护为思路,从基本理论出发,对未成年人刑事案件①中的法定代理人制度进行了考察与理性思考。     

POWER LEARNING OR PATH DEPENDENCY? INVESTIGATING THE ROOTS OF THE EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY

A key motive for establishing the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was restoring public confidence in the wake of multiplying food scares and the BSE crisis. Scholars, however, have paid little attention to the actual political and institutional logics that shaped this new organization. This article explores the dynamics underpinning the making of EFSA. We examine the way in which learning and power shaped its organizational architecture. It is demonstrated that the lessons drawn from the past and other models converged on the need to delegate authority to an external agency, but diverged on its mandate, concretely whether or not EFSA should assume risk management responsibilities. In this situation of competitive learning, power and procedural politics conditioned the mandate granted to EFSA. The European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council shared a common interest in preventing the delegation of regulatory powers to an independent EU agency in food safety policy.     

论克罗茨纳赫时期马克思国家观的转变

克罗茨纳赫时期的历史、政治和社会经济制度比较研究,对马克思国家现的转变具有十分重要的意义.通过这一时期的研究,马克思对黑格尔理性国家现产生怀疑,并萌生了经济结构决定政治设施,市民社会决定政治国家,阶级对立起源于经济事实的唯物主义观点,为全面批判黑格尔的唯心主义理性国家观和确立历史唯物主义国家现奠定了基础.可以说,克罗茨纳赫时期的研究是马克思思想转变和唯物史现创立过程中承上启下的环节.     

论我国经济犯罪刑罚体系的重构

以“依法从严打击经济犯罪”为指导,我国对经济犯罪的刑事立法取向上采取了重刑主义,但是“厉而不严”的刑罚体系以其超量的刑罚投入却无法达到预定的理想效果,昭示出了现行刑罚体系的无能为力。应采取民事、行政、刑事制裁相协调,编织一张严密的法网,废除死刑,慎用自由刑,扩大经济刑的适用,完善罚金刑的执行方式,增设限禁或剥夺业务活动的资格刑等方式,重构我国经济犯罪刑罚体系。     

对修改现行《治安管理处罚条例》的几点思考

为适应社会治安形势发展和实现法制统一的需要,亟待对现行《治安管理处罚条例》予以调整、规范和完善。将《治安管理处罚条例》更名为《治安管理处罚法》;在修改时应遵循现实针对性与较强前瞻性相结合的原则,实体与程序并重的原则,遏制权力滥用与尊重、保障人权的原则,法制统一的原则以及民主与集中相结合的原则。     

"东向政策"下的印度与东盟关系

印度总理曼莫汉·辛格在参加2005年12月吉隆坡首届东亚峰会之后明确表示,东亚峰会为印度的"东向政策"提供了"难得的机遇",印度将加快实施"东向政策",与东盟应尽快实现更密切更广泛的联系.近年来,由于推进"东向政策",印度与东盟关系快速发展.     

The Psychopathological Profile of Cannibalism: A Review of Five Cases

In today's society, human cannibalism is extremely rare and represents an unthinkable act of violence. Scientific literature on the topic is sparse due to significant methodological problems, such as collecting enough data and generating unbiased analyses. The purpose of this article is to illustrate some psychodynamic aspects of cannibalism. After a review of the literature, we will present and compare five cannibalistic patients hospitalized in the Henri Colin secure unit (Villejuif, France). The patients described fall into two subgroups, suffering either from severe schizophrenia or from a mixed personality disorder with sadistic and psychopathic features associated with paraphilia. For the schizophrenia group, cannibalism is a self‐defense reaction to a perceived threat of destruction: survival depends on the annihilation or assimilation of the other. For the mixed personality disorder group, ego and narcissism are the central issue with a desire to overcome deep‐rooted frustrations by means of an extraordinary act.     

Finding of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna During the Autopsy Procedure: Forensic Issues

Hyperostosis frontalis interna is a common phenomenon, which may have been overrated in its significance in the past, and may, currently be underrated in its significance. We present three cases of hyperostosis frontalis interna found during medicolegal autopsies and discuss their forensic considerations. The patients were all middle‐aged women with metabolic and endocrine manifestations and psychiatric ailments; thickening of the inner table of the frontal bone of the skull was found during each autopsy. We describe the relationship between hyperostosis frontalis interna, metabolic manifestations, and neuropsychiatric symptoms as part of Morgagni‐Stewart‐Morel syndrome. There is still considerable disagreement in the scientific community as to whether this syndrome is a clinical entity. Nonetheless, awareness of Morgagni‐Stewart‐Morel syndrome can be of help in understanding the circumstances surrounding death. In some other cases, hyperostosis frontalis interna could be used by forensic pathologists as criteria for sexing and aging a skeleton.     

Potential Forensic Application of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) as a Novel Biomarker for Estimating Postmortem Interval

Studies which estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) based on diatoms or bacterial communities have been well‐conducted. However, predicting the PMI based on microorganisms has limited accuracy. The objective of this study was to discover specific biomarkers for estimating the PMI for drowning. The in vivo experimental model consisted of rats classified into nine groups (seven drowned groups from Day 1 to Day 7 and two control groups). Their lung tissues were analyzed for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mRNA expression determined by qRT‐PCR. RAGE protein levels were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RAGE mRNA and protein levels gradually degraded over time. Immunostaining analysis revealed that RAGE in the Day 1 sample was significantly higher than that in the Day 6 or Day 7 samples. These results indicate that RAGE in drowned lungs could be a potential biomarker for the determination of the PMI after drowning.