规范交易主体行为推进国有企业战略性退出

国有企业的战略性退出是探索公有制和市场经济相结合的有效形式,而交易主体行为是否规范直接影响到改制结果的公平正义和社会的安定有序。本文对当前改制交易行为中"谁卖"、"谁买"和"怎么买卖"的不规范进行了探讨,并提出从"五个把握"规范国有企业改制的建议。     

“三渔问题”与公共政策调整思路——辽东湾海蜇捕捞案例分析

辽东湾海蜇捕捞案例反映出典型的以渔业资源枯竭,渔民生活困难,渔村经济薄弱为特征的"三渔问题".采用社会经济学原理和博弈论方法分析"资源公有 私人抢捕"(对应"公地悲剧 囚徒困境")的典型经济与社会问题,特别是海蜇捕捞冲突的机理与协调问题,探讨如何建立有效的社会协调机制,实现规范的公共管理.辽东湾海蜇捕捞违捕现象连年发生,已经形成了一种"动态稳定状态",说明海蜇捕捞这一公共管理事物出现了一定程度的市场失灵和一定程度的政府失灵现象.其中,产权问题是个核心问题.产权所有和使用可有四种基本组合:(1)资源公有 公共捕捞;(2)资源私有 私人捕捞;(3)资源公有 私人捕捞;(4)资源私有 公共捕捞.理论和现实都证明,第一种组合效率低下;第二种组合在不少国家为常态;第三种组合最容易出现"公地悲剧",这也是辽东湾的现实.但研究发现,海蜇资源具有较强的"竞争性"和"排他性",悲剧是可以避免的;第四种组合似乎没有可行性,但只要解决了"排他性"问题,很可能也是一种选择.     

中华人民共和国宪法渊源新探

宪法渊源因各国国情的不同而呈现出不同的表现形式,中华人民共和国的宪法渊源有着特殊的表现形式,综合中华人民共和国的传统法律文化背景,考虑到中国的宪政实践之路,提出从历史和现实两个角度去探究中华人民共和国的宪法渊源新思路,着重讨论历史渊源和现实渊源,其中包括《中国人民政治协商共同纲领》、苏联宪法,《中华人民共和国宪法》、宪法性法律、政治典章、宪法惯例。     

Firm innovation in policy-driven parks and spontaneous clusters: the smaller firm the better?

Mixed evidence has been found regarding how locating in a cluster or a park affects firms?? performance. This paper investigates how locating in different types of clusters and parks interacted by firm size or in-house R&D capability affects a firm??s innovation. Empirically testing the research hypotheses by the data of 165 Taiwan??s manufacturing firms in the information and communication technology sector and taking policy-driven parks (e.g., science parks and industrial parks) and spontaneously clusters as examples, we find that in emerging economies, firms with inferior in-house R&D capability gain more innovation benefits by locating in a science park or a spontaneous cluster while smaller firms gain more innovation benefits by locating in an industry park or a spontaneous cluster. Moreover, our findings also suggest that locating in a science park, smaller firms benefit more than larger firms in terms of innovation performance whereas larger firms benefit more than smaller firms in terms of market performance. The findings suggest that in emerging economies, compared to larger firms, smaller firms are less influenced by negative spillover effect when locating in clusters or parks.     

后金融危机时代俄罗斯经济转型评估

俄罗斯20年的经济转型使该国经济实现了明显的增长。但在金融危机中暴露出的问题,也显示俄罗斯经济存在着内在的结构性问题。这些内在结构性问题将长期影响俄罗斯的经济可持续增长与财政预算的安全,后金融危机时代俄罗斯经济最大的挑战就是结构改革。     

Evaluation of 96 SNPs in 14 populations for worldwide individual identification

Great advances have been made recently in searching for individual identification single-nucleotide polymorphisms (IISNPs or IDSNPs). Such SNPs as suggested by SNPforID scientists and by Pakstis et al., are promising, although they were selected from older or smaller databases rather than the most recent database. Here, we describe a new computational strategy for developing IDSNPs based on HapMap. We searched through HapMap r27 for SNPs having minor allele frequencies ≥0.30 in all its 11 populations and found more than 1881 qualified SNPs. We examined 96 of them with 183 DNA samples from three Chinese populations using Illumina arrays. The average allele frequency for these 96 SNPs among the three populations was 0.495/0.505, the average number of identical SNP genotypes shared by two individuals among the 14 populations (three Chinese and 11 HapMap) was 37.9, and the random matching probability for two unrelated Hans to match in all 96 genotypes was 9.793 × 10(-39). Thus, most of these 96 SNPs are universally applicable.     

死缓变更死刑相关立法问题研究

目前理论及实务界对死缓制度的关注始终集中在死缓裁量的法律适用,对死缓执行变更关注较少,《刑法修正案(八)》对《刑法》第50条作出了必要的修改,但是并未改变死缓变更死刑立即执行条件过苛的现状,围绕死缓执行变更法律适用的司法困惑依旧存在。改变"故意犯罪"作为死缓变更死刑立即执行的条件,完善相关问题立法成为趋势使然。     

对当前农村村委干部贿选问题的思考

当前农村的村委干部贿选问题引起了很多人的关注。贿选问题有其存在的客观基础,不能因此否定农村基层民主建设。对待农村贿选问题,需要我们有历史的眼光和世界的眼光,而不是一味否定基层民主建设或者盲目照搬西方民主制度。     

A Taste of the Southwest

Li Sulan gets up early in the morning to begin her daily routine.She prepares a breakfast of traditional rice noodles for her customers at a rural home inn where she is the owner.Li is of the Miao ethnic group from the Xijiang Miao Village of Leishan County in southwest China's Guizhou Province.Xijiang Village is home to wellpreserved aspects of aboriginal Miao culture,and is now a widely known cultural tour destination. "As many tourists from China and abroad learn about the Miao ethnic culture,we've seen a sudden boom in tourism in the past few years in our village," said Li with a smile.The flourishing tourist industry boosted the local service sector and revived the traditional Miao culture,bringing a host of benefits to local villagers like Li.