英国的调解制度--近期发展

本文分析了英国近来的一些案例,介绍了英国在采取非诉方法解决争议方面的最新发展,强调了法院在一些案件中的态度.     

监狱工作人员分类化配置

目前,我国在监狱工作人员分类配置上存在管理体制上的误区,监狱干警身兼数职,第一线警力严重缺乏,导致无法有效地开展监狱工作。相比之下,发达国家的监狱工作人员组成合理,分工细密,不仅有利于实现监狱的教育和改造职能,而且更能体现出对罪犯的人文关怀。作者认为,我国的监狱应该借鉴西方发达国家监狱管理的成功模式和经验,建立起一套完整的、实行职位分类与专业分类的双重管理模式。     

The judicial role in life-sustaining medical treatment decisions.

Although there has been speculation regarding the pervasiveness and nature of judicial decisions regarding life-sustaining medical treatment (LSMT), no attempt has been made to empirically assess their prevalence or the issues they address. An exploratory study utilizing a mail survey of a nationwide random sample (N = 905) of state trial court judges was conducted to provide initial information regarding this decision-making process. Twenty-two percent of the responding judges had heard at least one LSMT case, and judicial review did not appear endemic to particular states. The number of judges hearing LSMT cases dropped from 1975 to 1981 but has increased since then. Three major issues predominate: patient competency, appointment of a surrogate decisionmaker, and resolution of the ultimate issue of forgoing LSMT. Relatively few cases either contested a prior directive's validity or involved imposing sanctions for instituting or forgoing LSMT. Although subject to different interpretations, the results suggest the courts are having a significant impact on certain aspects of the LSMT decision-making process. However, the infrequency with which any one judge is called upon to make an LSMT decision causes concern about the judiciary's ability to respond in a timely and appropriate manner. With their potential for a profound effect on the actions of health care providers, greater attention to this decision-making process is warranted.     

文化精神铸民魂——略论中国传统文化与中国民族精神

民族精神是民族文化长期熏陶培铸的结果。在中华文化精神的陶冶下,中华民族形成了自己的民族精神,铸造了民族之魂。中华民族是一个求实的民族,崇尚气节的民族,自强不息、厚德载物的民族,同时又是一个豁达乐观的民族。由于中国文化自身的特质,中国民族也有自己的弱点、缺点和不足,是需要改进更新的。     

A note on the status of discretion in police research

“Discretion” holds an unrivaled position at the core of the notional inventory employed in the study of criminal justice generally and policing particularly. Efforts to systematically define the term have been irregular and its status in the empirical literature is an ambiguous one. While spoken of as a quantitative aspect of the policing which influences behavior, measurement is rarely addressed. After sketching problems in present formulations, discretion is recast in terms of perceived job autonomy and an outline of two general constructs is contributed in hopes of renewing consideration of the potential relevance of the concept for police theory and research.     

儒学新论

过去100年批判儒学,多有曲解或误解,需要重新加以评论。关于儒学的罪状,多有不当,应该予以澄清。关于古老的儒学与现代社会是否可以适应的问题,即儒学现代化的问题能否成立,本文认为不仅成立,而且已经在许多方面实现了现代化。在建设有中国特色社会主义实践中,已经将儒学融入现代化中国的社会意识中,儒学还将在世界和平中做出自己的贡献。