Between warning and response: The case of the Yom Kippur War

Reforming Japanese Intelligence

James Hansen: Japanese Intelligence: The Competitive Edge NIBC Press, National Intelligence Book Center, Washington , D.C., 1996, 222 p., $29.95.

Ichiro Ozawa: Blueprint for a New Japan: The Rethinking of a Nation Kodansha International, New York, 1994, 208 p., $25.00. English translation of Nihon Kaizo Keikaku (1993).

Masao Miyamoto: Straitjacket Society: An Insider's Irreverent View of Bureaucratic Japan Kodansha International, New York, 1994, 197 p., $22.00. English translation of Oyakusko no Okite (1993).

It's Warmer Inside

Michael Smith: New Cloak, Old Dagger: How Britain's Spies Came In From the Cold Victor Gollancz, London, 1996, 338 p., £20.00

Saving U.S. Convoys from U‐boats

Kathleen Broome Williams: Secret Weapon: U.S. High‐Frequency Direction Finding in the Battle of the Atlantic Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md., 1996, $35.00

Getting Serious About Intelligence

Angelo Codevilla: Informing Statecraft: Intelligence for a New Century The Free Press, New York, 1992, 491 p., $24.95

Matters Still Unresolved

Harvey Klehr and Ronald Radosh: The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N.C., 266 p., $29.95     

Domestic drivers of transgovernmental regulatory cooperation

Transgovernmental cooperation among domestic regulators has generated considerable interest among scholars and policymakers. While previous research has focused on describing such regulatory networks, we know very little about what drives individual jurisdictions to join them. The question of membership is important because it determines the reach of rules and standards promulgated by a given network, and because it is logically prior to understanding the rulemaking dynamic within a network. We develop a set of hypotheses that highlight the role of domestic political factors in shaping network membership. Our empirical analysis, using an original data set for transgovernmental cooperation in securities and insurance regulation, finds that the institutional form of domestic market regulation, as well as the relative domestic weight of the industry, are closely correlated with membership. All else equal, jurisdictions with independent regulatory agencies and those where the industry in question represents a large share of gross domestic product are much more likely to join the respective network than jurisdictions without these characteristics. The paper underscores the important interactions between domestic and international factors for informal cooperation, an issue that has become increasingly central to global governance.     

Pig-mentation: postmortem iris color change in the eyes of Sus scrofa

Experienced forensic pathologists and examiners may be familiar with the phenomenon of postmortem iris color change; however, only Knight, Simpson's forensic medicine, Arnold, London, 1997; Ref. 1 and Saukko and Knight, Knight's forensic pathology, 3rd ed., Arnold, London, 2004; Ref. 2 have referred to it in the literature, and to date, there have been no published scientific research studies on this taphonomic artifact. A controlled experiment was conducted of postmortem changes to isolated Sus scrofa eyes. The eyes (n = 137) were separated into three groups and each sample was observed for 3-day postmortem at a different temperature. In addition, a Sus scrofa head was obtained to observe postmortem changes of eyes in situ. All isolated blue eyes in the experiment, at room temperature and higher, changed to brown/black within 48 h. The in situ blue eye, at room temperature, turned brown/black within 72 h. If iris color consistently changes postmortem in humans, then this taphonomic artifact must be incorporated into victim identification protocol, including disaster victim identification software, and autopsy reports to prevent inaccurate victim identification and inappropriate exclusion from the identification process.     

Latin America: Looking North or South?: The United States and Latin America at Century's Turn

This article is adapted from a longer essay prepared at the invitation of Politica Externa in Rio de Janeiro and draws on the Astor Lecture Dr. Lowenthal delivered at St. Anthony's College, Oxford.     

Soviet Union and the Third World: The Economic Dimension

This paper surveys some of the outstanding issues and changes in the economic dimension of Soviet involvement in the non-communist Third World over the last 30 years. It attempts to identify and integrate salient features of current knowledge about Soviet economic policy toward the less developed countries. After a survey of the evolution of Soviet arms transfers and economic aid and trade relations, the paper concludes with some reflections on the effectiveness of Soviet policy and prospects for future change. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 124, 420.