Messenger RNA Profiling for Forensic Body Fluid Identification： Research and Applications

Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link betw een sample donors and actual criminal acts. How ev-er, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time con-sumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Re-cently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression （mRNA profiling） has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification. Since 2011, the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group （EDNAP ） in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification. The major advantages of mRNA profil-ing, compared to the conventional methods, include higher sensitivity, greater specificity, the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction, and compatibilitywith current DNA extraction and analysis procedure. In the current review ,we provided an overview of the present know ledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possi-ble practical application to forensic casew ork.     

X-ray mapping technique: a preliminary study in discriminating gunshot residue particles from aggregates of environmental occupational origin

The possibility of detection of lead-antimony-barium aggregates from non-firearm sources is confirmed according to the tests performed on brake pads, and firework and automobile workers. Moreover, information on particles taken from cartridge cases shows the relative feeble importance of the morphology in distinguishing gunshot residues (GSRs). Furthermore, also the presence in the spectrum of other elements (e.g., iron) is not so conclusive. In this panorama, the possibility of discriminating gunshot residue particles from other non-firearm lead-antimony-barium aggregates is investigated: the proposed method is based on X-ray mapping technique--currently applied used in Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche in Rome, the forensic service of Italian Carabinieri--according to which the spatial distribution of the emission energy of each element of the sample is pictured. Gunshot residues present the same lead-antimony-barium distribution (or at least the same antimony-barium distribution with lead nodules), as some other environmental occupational aggregates do not (different plaques of lead, antimony, and barium). So, X-ray mapping technique can offer a new fundamental evaluation parameter in analysis of gunshot residues with scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive (SEM/EDS) spectrometry, and new standards could be considered.     

恢复性司法视域中的反腐败追逃追赃国际合作

我国反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利,但形势依然严峻复杂。以《联合国反腐败公约》为基础,通过劝返和域外追诉等方式,使很多外逃腐败分子回国接受审判,追缴回了很多赃款。然而我国现阶段适用这两种方式进行反腐败追逃追赃工作时,面临缺乏强力的法律支撑和顺畅的国际合作等难题。我国应当在相关法律,特别是《刑事诉讼法》《监察法》中认可“恢复性司法”的理念和模式,充分利用劝返模式的优势,减少域外追诉的负担。此外,在法律制度层面认可恢复性司法,可增进世界其他国家对我国反腐败法律制度的了解,增强我国在反腐败国际合作中的话语权。     

从亲子鉴定的问题看标准化规范化管理的重要性

近年来,亲子鉴定技术在我国发展较快,越来越多的人应用这一鉴定手段维护了自己的合法权益.但我们发现,我国目前对鉴定部门的管理却相对滞后,主要表现为实验室缺乏规范化管理、鉴定机构良莠不齐、技术标准不够完备以及缺乏实验室的质量检测体系等.这些问题如不解决,将不适应司法体制改革的趋势,阻碍鉴定技术科学、公正地为司法实践服务.因此,我们呼吁有关部门对这一问题加以重视、加强协作,使科学鉴定早日走上标准化、规范化管理的道路.     

The Effects of Governmental and Individual Predictors on COVID-19 Protective Behaviors in China: A Path Analysis Model

The COVID-19 pandemic has plunged the world into a crisis. To contain this crisis, it is essential to build full cooperation between the government and the public. However, it is unclear which governmental and individual factors are determinants and how they interact with protective behaviors against COVID-19. To resolve this issue, this study builds a multiple mediation model. Findings show that government emergency public information such as detailed pandemic information and positive risk communication had greater impact on protective behaviors than rumor refutation and supplies. Moreover, governmental factors may indirectly affect protective behaviors through individual factors such as perceived efficacy, positive emotions, and risk perception. These findings suggest that systematic intervention programs for governmental factors need to be integrated with individual factors to achieve effective prevention and control of COVID-19 among the public.     

加强公益慈善事业建设为道德愿望提供实现途径

慈善事业是指众多的社会成员在志愿基础上从事的一种无偿的、对不幸无助人群的救助行为.近年来,改革开放带来的我国经济的持续增长,人民生活水平的显著提高,社会脆弱群体的扶困需求,以及我国国民的慈善愿望和意识觉醒的增强,为中国慈善事业的发展提供了新的动力和要求.因此,必须重视加强中国慈善事业的发展,弘扬慈善公益价值观,努力推动慈善法规、政策的完善,推动慈善事业的健康发展.     

浅议职工思想政治工作的创新

社会的进步 ,时代的发展 ,职工队伍整体素质的提高和精神面貌的变化 ,都对工会的职工思想政治工作提出了更高的要求 ,因此职工思想政治工作的与时俱进势在必行 ,它要求各级工会工作者必须紧密结合职工的思想实际、工作实际、生活实际 ,有针对性、有创造性地开展思想政治工作。     

中苏企业租赁经营的法律比较

<正> 为适应各自经济体制改革的需要,中国于1988年6月,颁布了《全民所有制小型工业企业租赁经营暂行条例》(以下简称《租赁条例》),苏联于1989年12月颁布了《苏联各加盟共和国关于租赁的立法纲要》(以下简称《租赁法》).两国通过立法,用租赁合同形式确立了所有者(出租方)与经营者(承租方)完全平等的民事法律地位,保证经营者能够独立自主地进行生产经营活动,促进生产的发展.但两国具体情况不同,在立法上也有较大区别.     

轻型颅脑损伤的损伤程度评定探讨

根据１８５例轻型颅脑损伤的法医学鉴定，证实颅骨骨折是颅内并发症的危险因素，支持临床观点。３１例颅骨骨折组，经ＣＴ发现颅内并发症的２０例，以ＥＤＨ和ＳＤＨ多见．行ＣＳＦ检查对诊断有价值．同时提出轻型颅脑损伤分级标准，依此明确轻伤评定等级．