The Influence of Personal Values on Legal Judgments

The non‐legal factors that influence judicial decisions have been the subject of extensive debate. Theoretical and empirical work has focused on factors including political ideology, activism, attitudes, and demographics. Personal values are related to these factors and are central to decision making. The study described in this article translated theories and techniques from psychological research to examine the role of personal values in judicial decision making. A novel method of assessment of value expression in legal opinions revealed a different pattern of values expressed in the majority and minority opinions of a case that divided the Supreme Court. An empirical study of legal academics extended this analysis and highlighted the significant influence of personal values on legal decisions. The value:decision paradigm provides a new framework to analyse judicial decision making, judicial division, and judicial discretion and has significant implications for judicial diversity.     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

美国诱惑侦查制度及对我国的启示

美国社会执法实践中广泛存在诱惑侦查的使用，关于诱惑侦查的法律和制度规制经过长期演变和经验积累，形成了较为完整的诱惑侦查制度。本文通过对美国诱惑侦查制度的法律规定和具体实践的探究，以期为完善公安机关执法工作提供一些参考。我们应借鉴美国关于诱惑侦查方式运用的有益经验，加快有关诱惑侦查领域的立法进程，明确具体的法律规定。公安机关在执法实践中应正确认识诱惑侦查的合理性，慎用诱惑侦查手段，严格遵循程序执法，规范自身执法行为，积极改进执法方式。     

Estimating Individual Contributions to Complex DNA SNP Mixtures.,

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures.     

论卢卡奇的历史唯物主义观

在《历史与阶级意识》中,卢卡奇对历史唯物主义进行了深刻阐释.毫无疑问,在卢卡奇的这部著作中,将总体性的辩证法视为历史唯物主义的本质所在,并且贯穿始终.在卢卡奇看来,历史唯物主义的功能出现了变化,不仅是资本主义社会的自我认识,而且具有无产阶级的意识形态性功能.正是在这样的基础上,卢卡奇拿起历史唯物主义这一革命性武器,对第二国际的庸俗马克思主义进行了批判,并对经济决定论和暴力革命的关系问题进行了深入剖析.换言之,历史唯物主义作为一种动力因素的存在,揭露了资本主义社会的本质,为无产阶级的革命性实践提供了理论支撑.尽管我们也不能忽视卢卡奇历史唯物主义思想的理论缺陷,即没有在根本意义上超越黑格尔的历史唯心主义,但无疑,卢卡奇的历史唯物主义观对于我们理解历史唯物主义的本真精神提供了重要的方法论启示.     

“侨元素”与“侨服务”融合驱动下的园区发展探究——基于广西的实践分析

改革开放以来,作为全国第三大侨乡的广西较好地发挥了"侨元素"的作用,吸引了大量海外华侨华人的投资,同时注重提高改善归侨侨眷的生产生活水平,推动了园区对外开放、经济发展、充分就业和城镇化的进程。由于历史影响和体制改革的原因,广西园区在软硬条件的打造和为侨服务方面还存在许多不足之处,需要从法律保护、行政效能、海外联谊、体制创新等方面实施有效的措施,实现"侨元素"与"侨服务"的紧密融合,助推园区的转型发展。