Anti-Corruption Policy: China’s Tiger Hunt and India’s Demonetization

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the different styles of anti-corruption strategy, particularly at the local level in China and India. In China there has been a central push with a role of anti-corruption agencies that have law-enforcement power. In India there has been a focus on institutional building together with a visible role of the civil society. China has had a top-down approach while India has more of a bottom-up approach combined with top-down initiatives such as demonetization. Interviews with 44 mid-career and senior officials investigate the two approaches and the impacts of anti-corruption measures in China and India. Interviewees support the approaches adopted by China and India but doubt their effectiveness and sustainability. The way forward, they suggest, is to reduce the influence of political parties especially in India and to enhance e-governance in both countries. Experiences of the two countries have significant implications especially on capacity building, institutional development, and law enforcement.     

Are the major risk/need factors predictive of both female and male reoffending?: a test with the eight domains of the level of service/case management inventory

The Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) and the Youth version (YLS/CMI) generate an assessment of risk/need across eight domains that are considered to be relevant for girls and boys and for women and men. Aggregated across five data sets, the predictive validity of each of the eight domains was gender-neutral. The composite total score (LS/CMI total risk/need) was strongly associated with the recidivism of males (mean r = .39, mean AUC = .746) and very strongly associated with the recidivism of females (mean r = .53, mean AUC = .827). The enhanced validity of LS total risk/need with females was traced to the exceptional validity of Substance Abuse with females. The intra-data set conclusions survived the introduction of two very large samples composed of female offenders exclusively. Finally, the mean incremental contributions of gender and the gender-by-risk level interactions in the prediction of criminal recidivism were minimal compared to the relatively strong validity of the LS/CMI risk level. Although the variance explained by gender was minimal and although high-risk cases were high-risk cases regardless of gender, the recidivism rates of lower risk females were lower than the recidivism rates of lower risk males, suggesting possible implications for test interpretation and policy.     

试析我国行政收费法治化的路径

行政收费在经济上和行政管理上都具有毋庸置疑的存在合理性,但由于国家缺乏严格的法律规范和控制,直接导致了行政收费的泛滥,严重损害了政府的形象和相对人的利益。因此,从法治的视角解读行政收费存在的问题,进而为行政收费找出一条法治路径,无疑具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

Genetic diversity at 15 fluorescent-labeled short tandem repeat loci in the Patel and other communities of Gujarat, India

Thirteen tetranucleotide and 2 pentanucleotide repeat units were analyzed in 120 unrelated individuals of Patel and other communities of Gujarat, India. Allele frequency data obtained from the analysis of 15 short tandem repeat markers of the population were found to be satisfying Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with marginal deviations. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in Patel communities at locus vWA and for that of the other communities at locus D7S820 and at locus TPOX. The power of discrimination values on an average fall within the range of 0.718 and 0.870, with deviations at locus D3S1358 showing a value of 0.400 for Patels. The value ranged between 0.709 and 0.869, with slight variations among the studied alleles in the other group. Thus, the 15 markers selected for this study were found to be highly suitable in human identification and for providing information on genetic polymorphism of the population of Gujarat.     

论我国民事检察监督制度的缺陷及完善

我国现行的民事检察监督制度是采用事后监督的方式即抗诉制度来对民事审判活动实行法律监督,其直接的目的在于保护诉讼当事人的合法民事权益。在我国现阶段,检察机关的抗诉监督既不能取消,也不能弱化,而是应当进一步加强和完善,使之在程序上更合理,更具有实效性     

A Longitudinal Investigation of the Development of Weight and Muscle Concerns Among Preadolescent Boys

The study examined the impact of body mass index (BMI), negative affect, self-esteem, and sociocultural influences in the development of weight and muscle concerns among preadolescent boys. Body dissatisfaction, importance placed on weight and muscles, weight loss strategies, and strategies to increase muscles were evaluated. Participants were 237 boys aged between 8 and 11 years who were tested at three assessment periods 8 months apart. The main predictor of boys’ body change strategies was their perceived pressures to modify weight and muscles from parents, peers, and the media. The other main predictor of boys’ body change strategies and the sole predictor of body dissatisfaction was BMI. Self-esteem and negative affect were found to be weak and generally nonsignificant predictors of boys’ body image concerns and body change strategies. Additional studies that examine the risk and protective factors associated with boys’ weight and muscle concerns are needed to assist in the development of prevention programs for preadolescent boys.Lina Ricciardelli is an Associate Professor at Deakin University. She received her PhD in 1990 from the University of Adelaide, Australia. Her research interests are body image concerns, disordered eating and substance abuse among youth.Marita McCabe is a Professor at Deakin University. She received her PhD in 1981 from Macquarie University, Australia. Her research interests are in body image across the lifespan, sexuality, and chronic illnessJess Lillis is graduate student at Deakin University, She completed her undergraduate work in 2000 at Deakin University, Her research interests are body image concerns and negative affect among youthResearch Fellow at Deakin University, She received her D Psych in 2000 from Deakin University, Her interests are in disordered eating and depression among adolescents     

从朝鲜二度核试验透视《不扩散核武器条约》的缺陷

继2006年10月9日朝鲜宣布进行了首次核试验后,2009年5月25日,朝鲜突然宣布"成功进行第二次核试验",不计后果地挑战国际社会。朝核危机彰显了《不扩散核武器条约》的不足。虽然该条约在实现全面彻底核裁军、维护世界和平与安全的国际法制进程中具有划时代的意义,但条约也存在某些概念模糊不清、对非核武器缔约国的歧视、退出条款限制不够、国际原子能机构的核查权限等问题。要真正实现全面彻底防核扩散的目标,国际社会需要努力地对条约做出合理的修订和完善,倡导以条约为基础的多边合作。     

Post-conviction DNA exonerations

The role of DNA profiling is constantly increasing in various fields and criminal justice is not an exception. Several individuals, who are wrongfully convicted, have been exonerated based on DNA evidence. Research in the U.S. has consistently found the major factors contributing to wrongful convictions to be： （1） eyewitness errors; （2） mishandling of evidence by police and prosecutors; （3） false or coerced confessions; （4） improper interrogations and line-ups; （5）jailhouse informants or ＂snitches＂; （6） ineffective assistance of counsel; （7） forensic errors; and （8） the adversarial system. This paper examines the data made available by the Innocent Project for 233 post-conviction DNA exonerations in the U.S. since 1989.     

社会治理现代化视域下工会职能实现问题研究

工会参与社会治理是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求,也是一项复杂的系统工作.在社会治理现代化视域下,工会组织要发挥好自身优势,创新参与社会治理的手段,夯实各项职能,才能更好地维护、服务职工群众,发挥桥梁和纽带作用,为实现"两个一百年"奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦作出贡献.     

Does hypernatremia cause subdural hematoma in children?: two case reports and a meta-analysis of the literature

Hypernatremia has been causally linked with subdural hematoma (SDH), but more recently this has been called into question. Conversely, there is a well-established link between SDH and injury. We wish to examine the evidence base that hypernatremia in infants and young children causes SDH.We present 2 cases of children with severe hypernatremia whose intracranial contents were assessed by imaging in the first case and postmortem examination in the second. Neither demonstrated SDH. The first case was important as the hypernatremia was iatrogenic occurring in a controlled hospital environment.We also searched the literature from 1950 to 2007, collecting data on all reported cases of hypernatremia in children younger than 7 years whose intracranial contents were examined by imaging, surgery, and/or postmortem examination. Of 124 cases reported in 31 articles, 112 cases developed hypernatremia in the community, and 12 in the hospital. Subdural hematoma was demonstrated in 7 cases, all of which had developed hypernatremia in the community under circumstances that would make it difficult to exclude nonaccidental injury. None of the 12 cases that developed hypernatremia in a controlled hospital environment had SDH.The evidence base supporting the hypothesis that hypernatremia causes SDH is poor, depending on isolated reports with uncertain histories.