Une nouvelle approche dans la formation des administrateurs publics: I'Ecole nationale d'administration publique†

Sommire. L'Ecole nationale d'administration publique tente depuis deux ans line expérience d'étroite collaboration entre le gouvemement et l'université. Fondée en 1969 en vue de la formation et du perfectionnement des administrateurs publics de niveau supérieur, elle a mis sur pied un programme de maîtrise en administration publique de 16 mois destinéà de futurs cadres administratifs et se propose de lancer bientôt divers programmes de perfectionnement à l'in-tention des fonctionnaires en exercice, notamment ceux des cadres supérieurs. Elle s'intéresse aussi è la recherche appliquée, éant donné son désir d'utiliser des cas concrets dans l'enseignement. L'orientation initiale de l'Ecole a été dictee par un souci profond dadapter l'enseignement aux besoins réels des milieux administratifs. Elle prend pour acquis gue ce n'est pas à l'âge où l'on poursuit habitueilement des études univer-sitaires que l'administrateur peut vraiment recevoir une formation complète et définitive. Cela signifie que l'Ecole s'adresse essentiellement non pas à des étudiants encore plus ou moins indécis quant à leur orientation de carrière mais à des professionnels en exercice parmi lesquels on aura identifié ceux qui sont le plus susceptibles d'obtenir des promotions. L'observation de la réalité en effet révéle la tendance à ce que la plus grande partie des cadres supérieurs soient désonnais recrutés parmi les professionnels de toute discipline qui ont déjà poursuivi une carrière spécialisée et qui, ayant manifesté des aptitudes administratives, sont à la veille de subir une réorientation de carrière. Cette considération ne peut manquer d'influencer le chok des élèves, qui est très sélectif, de même que la composition des programmes qui doivent tenir compte de la diversité des formations antérieures et les méthodes pédagogiques inspirées des techniques de l'éducation des adultes. Le choix des professeurs est aussi inspiré de ces caractéristiques de l'enseignement. L'Ecole préfère utiliser des ressources empruntées à l'extérieur (université et fonction publique) plutôt que d'avoir un personnel permanent nombreux. EUe préfère recourir aux services de praticiens plutôt que de théoriciens, ce qui ne l'empêche pas d'utiliser les services d'universitaires mais qui ont eu, autant que possible, des contacts avec le milieu de travail gouvernemental. Le statut de l'institution a aussi son originalité. L'ENAP est me éole supérieure faisant partie du réseau de l'Université du Québec. Elle est autonome à la fois par rapport am autres constituantes de l'Université et par rapport au gouvernement du Québec. Elle entretient toutefois, étant donné sa vocation, des relations privilégiées avec celui-ci, tout en ouvrant ses portes auX autres types dadministrateurs, venant du gouvernement fédéral, des collectivités locales, des régies, commissions, etc. Abstract. For the past two years, l'Ecole nationale dadministration publique has been attempting an experiment involving close co-operation between government and university. Established in 1969 for the purpose of training and professionally improving public administrators at senior level, the School designed a 16-month program leading to a master's degree in public administration for the benefit of future executives; it intends to launch shortly various improvement programs meant for officials ahead), in service, particularly higher officials. The School is also interested in applied research, as it intends to use concrete cases as part of its educational methods. The School's initial orientation was prompted by a deep concern for adapting training programs to the actual needs of the administrative sector. It takes for granted that the administrator cannot truly receive complete and definite training at the age when university studies are usually pursued. This implies that the School is essentially meant not for students who are still more or less undecided as to their vocational choice, but for professionals already in the field, among whom those most likely to be promoted have been identified. Realistic observatiom effectively show a trend whereby most executives will, in future, be recruited among professionals in every discipline who have already pursued a specialized career and who are about to have their career reorientated because of their administrative aptitudes. Such a consideration necessarily influences the choice of students, which is very selective, as well as the preparation of programs, which must take into account the diversity of previous trdining and the educational methods inspired by techniques of continuing education. The selection of teachers is also inspired by such teaching characteristics. The School prefers to call on personnel resources borrowed from the outside (university and Civil Service) rather than to employ a large permanent staff. It prefers the services of people in the field to those of theoreticians, which does not exclude university personnel as long as, in so far as possible, they have had contacts with government and its working environment. The institution also has unique status. The ENAP is a school of advanced studies and is part of the University of QuBbec network. It is aiitonomotis both with regard to the other components of the university and with regard to the Québec government. With the latter, nevertheless, it maintains privileged relationships by virtue of its position. The School also opens its doors to other types of administrators from the federal government, local communities, boards, commissions, and so on.     

A welfare analysis of the EC‐ACP sugar protocol

The Sugar Protocol, laid down in the Convention of Lome, has been an established instrument of commodity policy for nearly 20 years. Its basic rule is that the EC imports at guaranteed prices specified quantities of sugar from ACP countries. It is the objective of the article to provide an economic evaluation of the Sugar Protocol. Impacts on prices, trade, export earnings and economic welfare are elaborated. The Sugar Protocol's impacts on the level and instabilty of sugar export earnings are jointly evaluated by computing transfer and risk benefits along the lines of Newbery/Stiglitz. A major conclusion is that the policy has to be evaluated differently from the donor's and the recipient's point of view. The Sugar Protocol induces international income transfers that are untargeted in terms of per capita income. It causes, however, rather strong risk benefits compared with other instruments of international commodity policy and sizeable welfare gains for individual recipient countries.     

Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among a Sample of Construction Industry Workers

This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) among a sample of unionized construction industry workers, and tested the reliability of new measures of IPV normative beliefs. Study participants (n=100) voluntarily completed confidential and anonymous self-administered questionnaires that measured occupational factors, hazardous drinking, and normative beliefs. Measurement of past-year IPV was based on the Conflict Tactics Scale, Form R. Measures of IPV normative beliefs showed good reliability (Cronbach’s α 0.94–0.95). Past-year IPV prevalence was 26%. Logistic regression models were developed to assess the contribution of each factor to risk of past-year IPV perpetration. Perceived workplace racial/ethnic discrimination, job strain, interpersonal workplace conflict, normative beliefs, and hazardous drinking were positively associated with elevated IPV risk.Construction industry workers may have higher rates of IPV compared to general population samples that represent various occupations and social classes. Occupational factors appear to be significant correlates of IPV among these workers.     

Zwischen pragmatischem Verstehen und theoretischen Perspektiven. Politikwissenschaftliche Forschung zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Since 1949 we have witnessed paradigmatic changes in political science research concerning the field of German politics. The focus of this article is on the most important political institutions in Germany: Federal President, Federal Government, Federal Parliament, Bundesrat (quasi second chamber)/federalism and Federal Constitutional Court. German political science has produced an impressive number of publications on the German political system with a wide range of approaches and of high quality. What is to some extent lacking, however, is an innovative combination of the improved knowledge created with regard to the functioning of institutions in Germany on the one hand and of middle-range theories of political science on the other, especially of theories developed in international and comparative discourses.     

Wachsende Lohnungleichheit in Deutschland

Based on the thesis of growing overall inequality in the German society, this paper discusses changes in the inequality of wages for the period between 1998 and 2006. Our objective is to identify differences in real wage growth for various occupational classes. The theoretical foundation of the article is based on economic as well as sociological concepts. With regard to recent findings of labor economists, one could postulate that market forces driven by technological changes and the corresponding growth in the relative demand for highly-skilled labor have led to an increase in wage inequality (skill-biased technological change, SBTC). In contrast, a structural theory approach, based on the work of Aage B. Sørensen, would argue that increasing wage inequality is due to changes in the extent to which certain labor market groups are able to generate rents. For the empirical analysis, data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and data from the BIBB/IAB-Survey are used. Our results show that people in lower occupational classes belong to the losers of the general income dynamics in Germany between 1998 and 2006. Moreover, the inclusion of a broad variety of characteristics of the occupational position reveals that the growth of wage inequality in Germany can be explained by skill-biased technological changes, but also by changes in rent generating processes.