Political Reconciliation Can Ultimately Resolve the Afghanistan Problem

What happens after 2014 in Afghanistan is generally viewed as a serious challenge to the international community.Although there are high hopes,many countries feel uneasy about Afghanistan's prospects.All those countries involved with Afghanistan have been working hard to cope with this challenge,such as the United States,countries from the EU,Russia,China,Pakistan,India,Iran,and Central Asian countries.The current focus is on helping the Afghan government grow stronger and more capable including into the long term,building up the army and police forces,conducting technical and management personnel training,and carrying out economic development,anti-terrorism and anti-narcotics projects etc.     

Canadian prime ministers in the house of commons: Patterns of intervention

This paper explores the parliamentary activity of six Canadian prime ministers from St Laurent to Mulroney. Employing Hansard, each parliamentary utterance by a prime minister from 1949 to 1993 has been coded into one of four categories: answers to questions, speeches delivered, statements made and other interventions. Voting records have also been coded. Employing this database, the analysis compares and contrasts the prime ministers in terms of their political personalities and explores the overall scope and character of prime‐ministerial activism in the House throughout the past 40 years. Canadian profiles are compared with already existing British data in order to test generalisations concerning the diminishing presence of prime ministers in parliaments in Canada and Britain.     

论网络媒体公信力的塑造

互联网作为一种新兴的媒体，其社会影响力越来越大，但与传统媒体相比，其公信力较低已成为影响我国互联网健康发展的一个突出问题，也在很大程度上降低了网络媒体在受众心目中的应有地位。媒体的权威性、信息的原创性、内容的真实性、传播的即时性、格调的高雅性影响网络媒体的公信力。提高网络媒体公信力，需要政府、网络媒体、社会和公众的共同努力，主要包括：强化政府监管；加快制定和完善网络立法：加强网站自身建设；提高采编人员专业素质；报网结合；建立平民式舆论监管机构：树立人人都是把关人的理念；加强受众需求研究。     

“以管理为基础的规制”——对网络运营者安全保护义务的重构

和世界上大多数国家一样,我国的网络运营者主要是党政军和国有企事业单位之外的私营部门。因此,如何妥善地界定他们所需承担的网络安全保护义务,是改善我国网络安全状况的关键问题之一。在此方面,现行制度和两次公开征求意见的《网络安全法(草案)》,均采用了"关注安全底线的、静态的、具体的措施性规定",作为网络运营者安全保护义务的核心内容。而在网络安全形势瞬息万变的今天,"关注安全底线的、静态的、具体的措施性规定"实际上并不足以为网络和信息系统提供实质性的安全。因此,《网络安全法》中对于安全保护义务的制度设计,应该致力于让网络运营者在内部决策环节就足够重视风险管理,使安全义务从外部"至上而下"地施加转变为"内化于心"。     

The Influence of Personal Values on Legal Judgments

The non‐legal factors that influence judicial decisions have been the subject of extensive debate. Theoretical and empirical work has focused on factors including political ideology, activism, attitudes, and demographics. Personal values are related to these factors and are central to decision making. The study described in this article translated theories and techniques from psychological research to examine the role of personal values in judicial decision making. A novel method of assessment of value expression in legal opinions revealed a different pattern of values expressed in the majority and minority opinions of a case that divided the Supreme Court. An empirical study of legal academics extended this analysis and highlighted the significant influence of personal values on legal decisions. The value:decision paradigm provides a new framework to analyse judicial decision making, judicial division, and judicial discretion and has significant implications for judicial diversity.     

中共哈尔滨市委党校学习贯彻党的十九届五中全会精神学习交流摘要

党的十九届五中全会是在“两个一百年”历史交汇点上召开的一次具有全局性历史性意义的会议。全会审议通过了《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》(以下简称《建议》),对“十四五”时期我国经济社会发展作出了系统谋划和战略部署。为学习、宣传、贯彻好党的十九届五中全会精神,引导带动广大教研人员努力成为学习全会精神的排头兵和主力军,中共哈尔滨市委党校组织教研人员学习交流。现摘编部分发言,以飨读者。