Chief executive officers and voluntary environmental performance: Costa Rica's certification for sustainable tourism

This study evaluates whether the education, environmental expertise, and nationality of firms' chief executive officers (CEOs) are associated with greater participation and environmental performance in a voluntary environmental program implemented in a developing nation. Specifically, we collected data from the Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CST) program, a voluntary initiative aimed at promoting beyond-compliance environmental performance by hotels operating in Costa Rica. Our findings suggest that CEOs' level of formal education and environmental expertise appear to be significantly associated with higher corporate participation in voluntary programs and also with higher beyond-compliance environmental performance ratings. Contrary to conventional expectations, CEOs from industrialized countries (as opposed to developing countries) do not appear to show a statistically significant association with participation in the CST program and with higher beyond-compliance environmental performance.     

政府控制、制度环境与信贷资源配置

将政府控制内部结构与制度环境纳入统一分析框架,深入研究了政府控制内部结构对银行信贷资源配置的影响,以及在不同制度环境下政府控制内部结构对信贷资源配置发挥的作用是否有所不同。研究表明:政府行政级别越低,越有动机干预银行信贷资源配置,帮助其所控制公司获得银行贷款,公司银行借款水平就越高。与通过实业主体控制的公司相比,在政府通过国有资产管理机构控制的上市公司,政府通过干预银行信贷资源配置帮助公司获取银行贷款的行为更为便利,该类公司具有较高的银行借款水平。与制度环境较差的地区相比,在制度环境较好的地区,政府控制内部结构对银行信贷资源配置发挥的作用相对较小。研究有助于深入理解信贷资源配置行为的制度根源。     

The Role of Public Sociology in the Development of Cultural Policies in Chile: a Transformation of Cultural Expertise

This paper seeks to analyze the policies on the cultural field implemented in Chile in recent years, explaining how expertise became fundamental and, more specifically, how this expertise evolved from that of an expert intellectual to that of an expert professional. The paper is based on the general hypothesis that the cultural field needs to be viewed in the context of a growing differentiation and autonomization of Chilean society, but that there are some interesting nuances to its evolution, particularly with regard to the transformation of expertise. This article argues that the expert in culture has a twofold nature, which is illustrated through drawing a timeline from the 1980s to the present, marking certain milestones in Chile’s national and cultural history. This timeline incorporates the intellectual work of two of Chile’s most important contemporary sociologists and experts in culture and cultural policies, Manuel Antonio Garretón and José Joaquín Brunner. A sample of their publications is analyzed and then contrasted to documents on cultural policy since the approval of the country’s institutional framework for culture in 2003, when the National Council for Culture and the Arts was created, gauging the influence of the expert intellectual on this new institutional framework and the thrust of public policies on culture. The paper concludes that the figure of the expert in culture has shifted from the “expert intellectual” to the expert of a professional kind, although the theoretical work of the former has continued to influence the debate around cultural policies to this day.     

劳动合同概念溯源及时代启示

20世纪初,围绕劳动合同的法律概念建构,以洛多维科·巴莱西、菲利普·洛特马尔为代表的一批欧陆法学家通过批判近代劳务供给契约的教义原理,以劳动人格原则为价值基础、"从属性劳动-自治性劳动"为首要区分,建立了从广义到狭义的劳动合同概念体系,为整合扩建现代劳动法、更新发展传统民法奠定了理论基础。作为制度后发国家,我国应当充分吸收劳动合同概念起源蕴藏的劳动交换法制现代化经验,摆脱近代劳务供给契约的理念与体系束缚,抛弃过时的雇佣合同制度,通过劳动立法,正式确立"从属-自治"为劳动交换的首要区分,先以从属性为核心要件规定类合同层级的劳动合同概念,再以"标准-非标准"为框架,将劳动合同进一步类型化,以便形成保护措施的多元配置体系;通过民事立法,完善自治性劳动的合同体系,正视灵活就业中自由职业者的保护诉求,以劳动人格为价值理念,作出专门的制度回应,最终形成适应新就业形态发展、平衡劳动力市场灵活与安全的劳动交换合同体系。     

南非私营安保业参与公共安全治理的社会风险与监管困境

南非的私营安保公司已经成为维护社会治安的重要力量。但受到国家治理能力和国际环境的限制,私营部门参与社会安全治理所带来的社会风险和监管困境是显见的。寻求加强公共部门自身的安全治理能力,才能从根本上解决问题,更好地维护国家和社会的公共利益。     

政府与社会组织关系演进的历史逻辑

从总体性二元合一走向分化性二元合一,解决分化与耦合两个方面的问题,是中国政府与社会组织关系演进的总体态势。运用结构功能主义视角,可以发现,演进历经让渡与承接、规范与依附、激活与协同等阶段,由政府与社会组织的功能性界分,到基于责任结构整合的政会功能黏附,逐渐发展为基于全面结构整合的政会功能分化与耦合。演进的基本逻辑,是政府主导下功能演变与结构调整的互动,即由政府主导的演进轨道、由功能演变与结构调整互动而构成的演进机制。展望未来,分化性二元合一体系的完善,必须按照现代国家治理的要求,在政府与社会组织之间打造共建、共治与共享的结构功能系统,实现基于责任结构契合的功能目标一致、基于权力结构合理的功能形式耦合、基于利益结构规范的功能输出互益。     

齐家:男女有别

父子和兄弟关系一纵一横构成了历史中国农耕村落秩序(齐家)的支架,但这两种关系的再生产都必须依赖男女关系,一种最具创造力也最具颠覆力的关系。"男女有别"因此成为保证村落秩序稳定的核心制度原则。制度实践包括为严防生物乱伦和近亲结婚以确保繁衍健康后代的外婚制和同姓不婚制,也包括为稳定和确保村落家族社区秩序确立的"从一而终"和"授受不亲"的制度,力求杜绝各种潜在的文化乱伦。     

青少年社会责任品质的理性审思与形成路径

社会责任品质是新时代文明的价值导引与实践追寻。作为有认知基础并且受稳定的道德价值观支配的道德品质,社会责任品质是责任品质在社会生活中的具体化,是青少年在社会生活中形成的一种稳定的道德品质。基于青少年社会责任品质的现实考察,本文对青少年社会责任品质的内涵、结构与特征进行理性审思,并在此基础上从社会引导与制度保障两个维度分析青少年社会责任品质的形成路径。