China's Mode for Compiling an Environmental Code…

Basic law + separate laws and codification are the two modes countries worldwide adopted for enacting environmental legislation in line with their national circumstances and legal traditions. Following the goal of establishing a modern environmental governance system, the mode moderate codification should be China's choice for compiling an environmental code. Moderate codification is a dynamic and open substantive code-compiling mode. Based on idea changes and method innovations, it builds a basic logic system with the goal value as the core and the tool value as the technical method. An environmental code following the moderate codification mode can use the structure of General—Specifics. The General Part extracts common factors and elaborates the legislative purposes, basic principles, management rules and lead measures that dominate the overall situations and are universally applicable. Then each Specific Part (they form Specifics) compiles and integrates the relevant prevailing laws and regulations, and further regulate environmental factors. Therefore, the cornerstone concept of eco-environment should be defined and the environmental legal relationships should be clarified. Environmental code derives from dual source-of-law and considers sustainable development as its value goal, takes the eco-environment as its cornerstone concept, and regards the legal relationship as its systematic tool for constructing its framework system.     

宽严相济刑事政策运行问题研究

宽严相济刑事政策作为一种基本的、应然的和系统的刑事政策,应由纸面上的法转变为行动中的法。宽严相济刑事政策与刑事立法和刑事司法具有密切关系：刑罚结构的改变和刑罚的轻缓化是我国刑罚制度的发展方向;刑事司法实践中适用宽严相济刑事政策应注意刑事和解、社区矫正和修复性司法等等措施或制度的运用,并建立各部门间的协调机制。宽严相济刑事政策在运行中应注意相关具体的适用性问题。     

论我国图书馆立法的必要性与现实意义

随着计算机信息网络的飞速发展 ,图书馆服务范围发生质的变化 ,传统的规章制度管理已难以适应图书馆自身的发展和市场经济的需要 ,图书馆立法成为时代趋势。立足我国图书馆现状和存在的问题 ,图书馆立法亟需进行 ,其必要性毋庸质疑。健全的图书馆立法对我国图书馆事业的发展将起到积极的推进作用。     

法律期间制度的功能与建构

作为一种法律现象 ,法律期间之所以出现在众多的法律之中 ,是由其内含的制度功能决定的。现行立法尽管已对法律期间有所重视 ,但仍然存在着相当的立法缺陷。学界应当积极培育法律期间立法的理论资源 ,立法者对法律期间进行立法规制时 ,也必须遵循相应的设置规则     

论刑法对社会同一性的自我确认--适时性原则之讨论

法规范在认识上被充分确保与整个社会系统维持一种同一性关系的最关键点在于刑法对社会同一性予以自我确认,而这种自我确认的实现途径就在于将适时性作为刑事立法的一项基本原则。适时性原则,主要是指刑事立法要遵循适应社会现实需要,以确认与社会保持同一性的原则。其价值蕴涵反映出刑法对社会同一性自我确认的本质属性。     

对民事法律关系“一元客体说”的反思——兼论我国民事法律关系客体类型的应然选择

民事法律关系"一元客体说"主张在民法典中构建一元化的民事权利客体类型,但是这种观点在理论上和逻辑上均不能成立。"一元客体之利益说"混淆了民事权利的客体与民事权利的本质和内容之间的区别,混淆了民事权利的客体与民事权利的法律保护目的之间的界限;"一元客体之行为说"在逻辑上并不周延,不能在绝对权法律关系中清晰地界定客体的存在与性质。建立多元、开放的民事法律关系客体体系是中国民法典的应然选择。     

发展海南国际旅游岛游艇经济的法律探讨

海南国际旅游岛建设需要大力发展游艇经济产业,鼓励和扶持游艇经济产业发展已是海南国际旅游岛建设的一项重要内容之一。海南发展游艇经济产业,具有得天独厚的优势,利用海南经济特区立法权,制定有关游艇经济产业发展的法规,充分营造游艇经济产业良好的法制环境,是当务之急。     

美国反家庭暴力立法的三波浪潮及其可能走向

女权主义理论在美国的反家庭暴力立法过程中一直发挥着推波助澜的作用。第一次女权主义运动揭露了妇女保护的不足,第二次女权主义运动后,美国通过消除立法歧视,加强公权力干预和民事权利救济,以及拓展社会服务,建立起一套相对成熟的防治家庭暴力的理论和制度。但随着立法的发展以及后现代女权主义对现有制度的质疑,反家庭暴力立法存在的问题也渐渐凸显。只有坚持反家庭暴力的国际人权标准,消除性别歧视以达致社会性别结构的平等,才能拔除家庭暴力的根源。     

Obligatory dangerousness criteria in the involuntary commitment and treatment provisions of Australian mental health legislation

Objective

Involuntary commitment and treatment (IC&T) of people affected by mental illness may have reference to considerations of dangerousness and/or need for care. While attempts have been made to classify mental health legislation according to whether IC&T has obligatory dangerousness criteria, there is no standardised procedure for making classification decisions. The aim of this study was to develop and trial a classification procedure and apply it to Australia's mental health legislation.

Method

We developed benchmarks for ‘need for care’ and ‘dangerousness’ and applied these benchmarks to classify the mental health legislation of Australia's 8 states and territories. Our focus was on civil commitment legislation rather than criminal commitment legislation.

Results

One state changed its legislation during the course of the study resulting in two classificatory exercises. In our initial classification, we were able to classify IC&T provisions in legislation from 6 of the 8 jurisdictions as being based on either ‘need for care’ or ‘dangerousness’. Two jurisdictions used a terminology that was outside the established benchmarks. In our second classification, we were also able to successfully classify IC&T provisions in 6 of the 8 jurisdictions. Of the 6 Acts that could be classified, all based IC&T on ‘need for care’ and none contained mandatory ‘dangerousness’ criteria.

Conclusions

The classification system developed for this study provided a transparent and probably reliable means of classifying 75% of Australia's mental health legislation. The inherent ambiguity of the terminology used in two jurisdictions means that further development of classification may not be possible until the meaning of the terms used has been addressed in case law. With respect to the 6 jurisdictions for which classification was possible, the findings suggest that Australia's mental health legislation relies on ‘need for care’ and not on ‘dangerousness’ as the guiding principle for IC&T.     

我国发展低碳经济的法学思考

低碳经济概念的提出引致了一次全新的能源经济革命。加强低碳经济立法,是促进低碳经济健康、持续发展的有效手段和有力保障。借用经济学界关于低碳经济的概念并结合我国实际情况分析我国加强低碳经济法律保障的必要性,在我国具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。从发展规划、产业调整、能源立法、财政金融、科技立法、生活消费等六个方面借鉴国外低碳经济相关立法经验,进而审视我国低碳经济立法状况并加以完善,可以极大地节省我国低碳经济立法的时间成本,从而达致我国低碳经济立法的"跨越式"发展。