“SEEING” MINORITIES AND PERCEPTIONS OF DISORDER: EXPLICATING THE MEDIATING AND MODERATING MECHANISMS OF SOCIAL COHESION

Research shows that residents report high levels of disorder in places with greater concentrations of minorities even after controlling for objective indicators of crime or disorder. Less understood, however, are the mechanisms that explain this relationship. Drawing on a survey of nearly 10,000 residents nested within 297 neighborhoods across two cities, we use a multiple indicators–multiple causes model to examine the cues that lead individuals to distort the presence of minorities in neighborhoods. We then employ multilevel models to test whether these distortions influence perceptions of disorder. Furthermore, we assess whether living in a socially cohesive neighborhood mediates and/or moderates the relationship between “seeing” minorities and perceiving disorder. We find that when residents overestimate the proportion of minorities living in their neighborhood, perceptions of disorder are heightened. Yet social cohesion moderates and partially mediates this relationship: Residents living in socially cohesive neighborhoods not only report less disorder than those living in less cohesive communities, but also they “see” fewer minorities when compared with residents living in less socially cohesive neighborhoods. These results suggest that social cohesion is an important mechanism for explaining how residents internalize the presence of minorities in their neighborhoods and how this then leads to perceived neighborhood disorder.     

Longitudinal neighborhood profiles in delinquency: The decomposition of change

The methods that traditionally have been used to examine changing spatial distributions of crime and delinquency rates are not able to analyze parsimoniously the full range of within-community variation in these rates over time. In this paper, we present a variant of Bryk and Raudenbush's(Psychol. Bull. 101: 147–158, 1987) hierarchical linear model that can simultaneously examine the full range of within- and between-group variation contained in longitudinal data sets. The method is illustrated through an analysis of the delinquency rates characterizing Chicago's neighborhoods between 1930 and 1970.     

中国需要构建怎样的周边(英文)

正The new central leadership has highlighted the strategic importance of better relations with neighboring countries and the construction of a solid foundation for China’s neighborhood strategy so as to create favorable conditions for Chinese development.1China is strengthening top-level strategy in foreign relations,focusing on global-level relations and staying committed to relations     

Criminal record stigma,race, and neighborhood inequality

Justice-involved people experience high levels of housing instability and residential mobility, making the housing search a recurrent part of life. Little is known, however, regarding how criminal record stigma functions in the rental housing market. This article examines how housing providers use criminal records to screen tenants in the rental housing market and whether it varies by type of neighborhood. I conduct an online correspondence audit to test discriminatory behaviors and find an adverse criminal record effect on housing opportunities. Many housing providers disqualify all tenants with a criminal record, even without information about the severity or timing of offenses. The criminal record effect is significantly stronger in gentrifying neighborhoods and in neighborhoods where the proportion of Black residents is dwindling. Tenant screening emerges as a central obstacle faced by the justice-involved population, vital to understanding the web of disadvantages that traps so many in the wake of the carceral state.     

Fiscal Crisis and Community Development: The Great Recession,Support Networks,and Community Development Corporation Capacity

Community development corporations (CDC) are a cornerstone of neighborhood improvement in legacy cities. Yet they face challenges that threaten their financial sustainability, challenges that grew exponentially with the Great Recession. This article examines the impact of the Great Recession on the revenue and survival of CDC in Baltimore, Maryland; Cleveland, Ohio; and Detroit, Michigan. An analysis of financial data from the National Center for Charitable Statistics from 2004 to 2011 highlights issues of industry contraction, revenue concentration and loss, and CDC survival. Interviews and examination of multiple secondary sources of information on CDC activity and support networks in each city further our understanding of the financial results. We find that the CDC industry in all three cities was severely impacted by the Great Recession and that the CDC support networks in each city had a significant intervening effect on the ability of CDC to adapt to the fiscal and service pressures created by the recession. We discuss the implications of the shared trends and the city-specific dynamics for the role of CDC in neighborhood improvement in legacy cities.     

Ethnic Migration and Crime

Are the concepts and practical recommendations offered in the works of Western authors for tackling the problem of migration-related crime applicable to Russian realities?     

The European Union and Upheavals in its Neighborhood: A Force for Stability?

This article explores the EU’s action in the context of revolutionary upheavals in its neighborhood, focusing on two cases where the EU’s overall influence is relatively strong: Moldova in 2009 and Tunisia in 2010–2011. It analyzes the intertwining of the normative and strategic agendas by examining the goals, instruments and impact of EU action in each case. The findings highlight a limited and reactive role of the EU, a strong emphasis on stability and a shift towards a more normative engagement in response to external changes that made it easier to merge security- and value-oriented goals.     

新时期城市社区邻里关系的现状及对策分析

随着社会环境的变化，城市社区邻里关系发生了很大的变化，呈现出由以“和平共处型”为主向以“淡漠封闭型”为主转变的趋势，社区本身逐渐失去促使居民密切交往的功能，社区居民缺少参与社区活动的动力。针对这一现状，应从社区环境建设、社区文化建设、社区沟通平台、社区制度完善四个方面寻求解决对策。     

城市新建社区共同体营造的路径分析

The realization of the community is our eternal goal to pursue. Because of the speedy development of modernization, the traditional life community has begun to collapse gradually. As the main form of inhabitation for urban population, whether can we arouse the awakening of the community is the core issue discussed in this paper. By exploring the “New Neighborhoods” of H community in Suzhou Industrial Park, we have found the possibilities of the returning of the new city community. And it has also inspired us a lot in terms of goals, organizations, promotions, activities, orders, and so on. Studies have shown that the community should awaken and reconstruct the neighborhood. Relationship being a starting point, the service concepts, mobilization strategies and ability cultivations of the community workers are the main efforts of the community development. Returning to human nature should be the final home of the community.     

北京城市社区媒体的发展现状及居民期待调查

针对北京城市社区媒体的状况,课题组从居民和居委会两个层面,对六个典型社区进行了调查。发现居民普遍对社区媒体概念陌生,缺乏热情和关注,但社区居民的群体结构及角色认同,居民之间缺乏日常交流的现状,以及获取新闻信息主渠道的变化等,都在客观上要求社区媒体的存在和发展。社区媒体的优势是服务性强,需要关注的主要问题是教育问题、养老问题和健康问题。多数居民仍期待街道社区成为媒体的主办方,但目前居委会工作人员的能力结构难以适应媒体建设的需要。