The Effects of a Housing Mobility Experiment on Participants’ Residential Environments

We used the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) housing experiment to inform how Housing Choice Vouchers and housing mobility policies can assist families living in high-poverty areas to make opportunity moves to higher quality neighborhoods, across a wide range of neighborhood attributes. We compared the neighborhood attainment of the three randomly assigned MTO treatment groups (low-poverty voucher, Section 8 voucher, control group) at 1997 and 2002 locations (4–7 years after baseline), using survey reports, and by linking residential histories to numerous different administrative and population-based data sets. Compared with controls, families in low-poverty and Section 8 groups experienced substantial improvements in neighborhood conditions across diverse measures, including economic conditions, social systems (e.g., collective efficacy), physical features of the environment (e.g., tree cover) and health outcomes. The low-poverty voucher group, moreover, achieved better neighborhood attainment compared with Section 8. Treatment effects were largest for New York, New York, and Los Angeles, California. We discuss the implications of our findings for expanding affordable housing policy.     

Why Place Really Matters: A Qualitative Approach to Housing Preferences and Neighborhood Effects

The idea that a person’s neighborhood or zip code can predict his or her life outcomes has motivated a host of housing policies aimed at redressing racial segregation and breaking up areas of concentrated poverty. This article critically examines underlying assumptions about high-poverty neighborhoods that motivate those policies. Using ethnographic methods, I present the location preferences of residents living in a low-income neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio, and show the ways in which their perceptions of their neighborhood run counter to common portrayals. This analysis provides clues as to why the underlying logic of dispersal and mobility may be flawed. I conclude that place matters very much to people living in this neighborhood, just not in the way commonly implied by dispersal and mobility policy advocates. The implication is that stability, rather than mobility, ought to be the focus of more housing discussions.     

从"睦邻"到"睦邻、安邻、富邻"——试析中国周边外交政策的转变

改革开放以来,中国的周边外交政策经历了一个从“睦邻”到“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的转变。本文认为中国传统“睦邻”外交政策的着眼点在于确立中国与其周边国家的平等关系,而“睦邻、安邻、富邻”外交政策的提出表明中国开始将实现同周边国家的共同安全和共同繁荣确定为自己的努力方向。中国对周边外交政策的转变是在她不断协调同外部世界关系的过程中实现的,因而“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的政策是“中国的既定方针”。     

生存权理念与相邻关系立法

生存权作为第二代人权的核心权利,已得到国际社会的普遍承认,具体包括作为人之存在的生命权和使生命有价值的财产权,而相邻关系的立法关涉到相邻各方的财产利益和生存利益,是对财产利益之间、财产利益和生存利益之间以及生存利益之间冲突的协调。因此,相邻关系立法应该对此冲突加以认真考量。     

BEYOND THE BELL CURVE: COMMUNITY DISADVANTAGE AND THE EXPLANATION OF BLACK‐WHITE DIFFERENCES IN ADOLESCENT VIOLENCE*

Disproportionate involvement in violent behavior among African American, versus white, adolescents is a major arena of debate in the social sciences. The individual difference approach draws attention to verbal ability as an explanation of black‐white differences in violence. Sociological theories stress variation in community and family socioeconomic disadvantage. We contrast these causal images of racial differences in serious violence using the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health and contextual modeling. Results indicate that verbal ability has an indirect effect on violence through school achievement, but does not account for the greater involvement in violence among black adolescents. The analysis is most consistent with a sociological model that views the race‐violence link as a spurious outcome of community context.     

多元文化下的澳洲社区警务

作为一个典型的移民国家 ,澳大利亚的多元文化带来了诸多挑战与机遇 ,它给警务工作的冲击也是极其巨大的。澳洲警方推行社区警务 ,适时地采取“邻里守望”、“扩大服务面”、“加强警民联络与反馈”等措施 ,不仅为澳洲人民创造了安定的生活 ,而且也为世界各国警务建设带来启迪与借鉴。     

Advancing Judicial System Reform

正REFORM of the judicial system,as an important component through which to improve,develop and advance the political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics,has key status in China’s reforms.In recent years,China has made outstanding achievements in promoting     

Wuhan Goes Low-carbon

正MAKING soap from kitchen waste grease,collecting rainfall to water plants,upgrading a highly polluting cement factory into an environment-friendly operation,slashing waste discharge and reducing energy use at iron and steel manufacturers...Such trends are gaining momentum in central China’s Wuhan,where the government,businesses and individual citizens are combining efforts to create a low-carbon environment in the city.     

台湾民间治安防范法治模式对大陆的借鉴意义

民间治安防范力量在大陆地区和台湾地区都发挥着重要作用。台湾民间治安防范工作取得了很好的社会效益,犯罪率明显下降,警民关系、邻里关系融洽,他山之石可以攻玉,希望大陆地区保留已有的先进经验的前提下,借鉴台湾地区的优秀工作成果,进一步完善大陆地区的民间治安防范力量。     

Impacts of Violent Crime and Neighborhood Structure on Trusting Your Neighbors

The current work investigated impacts of local violent crime rates on residents’ willingness to trust neighbors. Crime has been thought to “atomize” community. Many works have considered impacts of crime on local social climate or vice versa. A smaller number of works have linked crime with general judgments about trustworthiness, but there has been little work on crime and trust of neighbors. 2002 survey data of 4,133 Philadelphia residents in 45 neighborhoods were combined with census and reported crime data to address this question. Multilevel, multinomial logit models confirmed that residents’ willingness to trust their neighbors varied significantly across neighborhoods for two response category contrasts: strongly agreeing or agreeing neighbors were trustworthy, each relative to strongly disagreeing. As expected, residents in neighborhoods with higher crime rates judged their neighbors as less dependable, even after controlling for local participation. Neighborhood crime and status impacts both depended on the contrast considered and on how status and crime were disentangled. Results align with some earlier works showing contingent effects of crime on ties, or contingent effects of ties on crime. Results extend earlier works by simultaneously focusing on one critical and central assessment of neighbors, showing important differences across response categories, and simultaneously finding extraneighborhood impacts.