美国仇恨犯罪论纲

仇恨犯罪是指全部或部分因对他人的种族、宗教、残疾、性倾向有强烈歧视而推动的侵害人身、财产、社会的刑事恶行。剖析美国仇恨犯罪能够为我国犯罪学去粗求精、提高理论敏感性、有针对性地攻克理论难关提供思路。仇恨犯罪人在确证自己所信奉的文化观念后采取非法手段,实现自己创造的象征性价值。野蛮的宣泄歧视情绪的亚文化能够在潜在的犯罪人群中得到认同,这是仇恨犯罪形成的重要原因。     

美国三权分立制度与我国议行合一制度之比较

由于历史、文化和社会条件等的差异,不同的国家所实施的国家管理形式会不相同。美国实行三权分立政治制度,中国实行的是议行合一政治体制。抑恶功能是前者的价值理念,扬善功能是后者的价值理念。它们在实践中都有所长,有所短,需要相互借鉴,取长补短。     

地区构成的世界——卡赞斯坦的地区主义理论

从地区视角来建立国际体系理论是国际政治理论一个新的发展方向。卡赞斯坦创造性地以地区为单位建立了地区世界的理论。其基本观点是,以多孔化地区为基本单位的美国帝权体系已基本成形,该体系处于地区化、国际化和全球化的进程之中,体系与单位在三种进程中、在帝权-核心国家-地区的纵向联系中相互塑造和重塑,其中包含了重要的社会性关系。“地区构成的世界”进一步丰富和发展了单位层面的建构主义理论,但是在基本假定、分析框架和逻辑结构中都存在明显的缺陷。     

Patterns of Middle School Adjustment and Ninth Grade Adaptation of Rural African American Youth: Grades and Substance Use

The transition to high school has been identified as a potentially difficult time in adolescents’ lives. Reductions in both academic and social functioning often accompany this transition. While these effects have been documented in urban youth, the move to high school has not been extensively studied in rural minority youth. Toward that end, the academic grades and substance use in ninth grade of 447 (184 male and 263 female) African-American adolescents from two rural counties in a state in the deep South were examined in relation to configurations of adaptation from sixth through eighth grade. Results indicate that individual with consistently positive patterns across middle school had higher grades and lower rates of substance use compared to individuals with persistent difficulties or those that transitioned to problem behavior. Many individuals who improved in their patterns of adaptation had relatively high grades, but also rather high rates of substance use in the ninth grade. David B. Estell is an assistant professor of educational psychology at Indiana University Bloomington. He received his PhD in Developmental Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His major research interests include peer relations and the development of aggression. Thomas W. Farmer is an associate professor of education at Pennsylvania State University and director of the National Research Center on Rural Education Support. He received his PhD in Special Education from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His major research interests include peer relations and the development of aggression in students with and without special needs. Matthew J. Irvin is a research scientist at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He received his PhD in Educational Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His major research interests include resilience and student engagement. Jana H. Thompson is a research associate at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research interests include peer social relations and developmental transitions into early adolescence. Bryan C. Hutchins is a research assistant at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is also a graduate student in the Educational Psychology, Measurement, and Evaluation Program at UNC. His research interests include child and adolescent social development and school based emotional and behavioral interventions and prevention programs. Erin M. McDonough is currently a doctoral candidate in School Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Emory University. As a research assistant at the Center for Developmental Science, she has been able to explore her interests in student achievement as well as rural education. Another major research interest of hers is school-based mental health.     

Gender Differences in the Educational Expectations of Urban,Low-Income African American Youth: The Role of Parents and the School

This study examined how youths’ gender is related to the educational expectations of urban, low-income African American youth, their parents, and their teachers. As predicted, African American boys (ages 9–16) reported lower expectations for future educational attainment than did their female counterparts. Parents and teachers also reported lower expectations for African American boys (ages 6–16) than for girls. These findings held even when controlling for academic achievement. Contrary to predictions, the magnitude of the difference in expectations for males vs. females did not increase as a function of youths’ age. In keeping with our hypotheses, parental expectations fully mediated the relation between youths’ gender and youths’ expectations. Finally, certain school-based factors (i.e., positive teacher expectations and positive youth perceptions of the school environment) appeared to protect youths’ expectations from the deleterious impact of low parental expectations.

去偏求和:透视美国媒体近年来对华报道的定势因素

受多种原因的影响,美国的媒体报道尤其是针对中国的报道往往有失偏颇,甚至可以说是荒谬的偏见。本文通过分析美国媒体的荒谬报道及其背后的文化定势机制,提示美国媒体必须抛弃偏见,彻底摒弃几百年来的文化定势,在理解和和谐中谋求世界各国的共同发展。     

美国宪法性刑事诉讼法：意旨、构造与启示

美国宪法性刑事诉讼法是美国联邦最高法院以宪法文本及宪政精神为理据,在特定的刑事诉讼案件的裁判过程中,经由司法判决而延伸出来的一套基本权保障与救济机制。它与宪法存在紧密关系,但又与宪法不同构,有着自身的意旨与构造。西法可鉴,研究美国宪法性刑事诉讼法对当前我国刑诉法研究的纵深发展有很大的启示。     

试析当前美国经济走势

美国经济形势自去年第4季度开始趋于严峻,经济增速大幅下降,股市大跌,消费者信心受重挫;制造业濒临衰退,高新技术产业持续不振;失业率、通胀率有所上升等.但由于美经济实力雄厚,基础条件较好,市场对外资吸引力不减;新经济仍有生命力;美在经济全球化中处于有利地位;世界石油价格回落;美联储的调控渐起作用;布什政府出台一系列有利于经济恢复和发展的政策等,美国经济出现衰退的可能性不大.     

中美警务比较对我国公安改革的启示

我们通过对中美警察的警察机构、警察快速反应机制、社区警务、技术装备等方面的比较后得出:中国应该从美国的警务发展中汲取有益经验,夯实群众基础工作,建设立体治安防控体系,提高公安科技水平,建立具有中国特色的高效警务机制,做好社会稳定工作。     

美国现代都市警务运行模式及其启示——以洛杉矶市警察局为例

美国警察体制起源于英国,具有警察权力严格受法律制约、警务由地方管理、警务工作受社区影响等特点。美国警察机构复杂多样,同时存在着联邦警察、州警察、城市警察和县(郡)警察及特种警察、私人保安机构等不同层级。美国是个城市化的国家,因而造就了城市警察独特而又先进的管理体制、运行模式、组织结构、社区警务、指挥调度、教育训练及基层警务工作等。这对于我国的警务改革具有一定的借鉴作用。