The ICO and artificial intelligence: The role of fairness in the GDPR framework

The year 2017 has seen many EU and UK legislative initiatives and proposals to consider and address the impact of artificial intelligence on society, covering questions of liability, legal personality and other ethical and legal issues, including in the context of data processing. In March 2017, the Information Commissioner's Office (UK) updated its big data guidance to address the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning, and to provide (GDPR), which will apply from 25 May 2018.This paper situates the ICO's guidance in the context of wider legal and ethical considerations and provides a critique of the position adopted by the ICO. On the ICO's analysis, the key challenge for artificial intelligence processing personal data is in establishing that such processing is fair. This shift reflects the potential for artificial intelligence to have negative social consequences (whether intended or unintended) that are not otherwise addressed by the GDPR. The question of ‘fairness’ is an important one, to address the imbalance between big data organisations and individual data subjects, with a number of ethical and social impacts that need to be evaluated.     

论基因的专利法律保护

对基因技术予以专利法律保护是必要而且急需的。世界各国对于如何设定基因保护的专利制度以及保护的程度、范围始终存有争议,但国际公约和各国的国内立法却在积极、稳妥、不间断地探索和发展着。我国正采取法律手段,不断强化基国知识产权的自我保护。     

对苗族飞歌、侗族大歌保护与开发的几点思考

苗族飞歌、侗族大歌是优秀的民族音乐,是中华民族文化的精华,是中华民族音乐中的一支奇葩,值得我们挖掘、保护、传承、创新。     

东亚三种战略模式比较研究——兼论东亚模式转型的必要性

虽然后新自由主义、后东亚模式分别受到华盛顿共识、北京共识的追捧与推崇,韩国、中国台湾地区的新东亚模式由于政治转型的阵痛而备受冷落.然而,与后新自由主义导致经济依附性发展不断加深,社会贫富差距不断扩大,后东亚模式导致政府失灵加剧,金权勾结普遍化相比,新东亚模式地区的经济发展与社会发展更为协调,经济发展的可持续性更强.随着后发国家发展环境的改变,新自由主义与东亚模式已经失去其存在的合理性,只有通过积极的战略转型,依靠民主宪政和有限贸易保护政策制约政府失灵,减少市场失灵,后发国家才能够避免经济的过度依附性发展,缩小社会贫富差距,增强发展的可持续性,实现现代化的赶超.     

Criminalising Academia: The Protection of State Information Bill and Academic Freedom

This article assesses the implications of the controversial Protection of State Information Bill for academic freedom in South Africa, specifically for communications, media and journalism studies. The Bill requires the security cluster to classify sensitive documents on national security grounds. Academic teaching and research can help citizens to understand whether the security cluster is acting in the universal interest, rather than the interest of a political elite; it can also be used to assess media performance in reporting on national security matters. Using a critical approach to the concept of national security, I argue that the Bill favours secrecy over openness, and South Africa’s embrace of the human security definition of national security has contributed to the problem. This overemphasis on secrecy is likely to reduce the few spaces that exist in academia for critical, emancipatory work on security issues, which could hobble the sector’s attempts to understand the deeper processes at work in the security cluster. If such enquiry is marginalised, then the higher education system risks becoming an instrument for continuity rather than change in South Africa’s existing, highly unequal power relations: relations that are being maintained increasingly by force.     

浅议如何加强对一线执法民警的法律保护

人民警察既要严厉打击违法犯罪活动,又要善于保护自己,减少不必要的伤亡。当前治安形势严峻,特别是暴力袭警案件时有发生,一线执法民警的伤亡逐年有急剧上升的趋势。为此,我们必须加强对一线执法民警的法律保护:一线执法民警除了要坚持文明执法,加强实战训练,依法保障自己的合法权益,使用合法暴力外,社会宣传媒体、公安督察、纪检等部门要把握正确导向,维护执法尊严,以改善执法环境。     

Confidentiality and Privilege for Family and Child Protection Mediation: A Roadmap for Navigating the Innovation,Inconsistency and Confusion

This article will identify the inconsistency and confusion in mediation regarding the definition of mediation, the role of the mediator, and the difference between mediation confidentiality and privilege. Further, it will discuss the confusion and inconsistency in the protection of mediation communication, specifically regarding the definition of mediation communication, the time frame for protected communication, waiver of the protections and exceptions to protected mediation communication. It will provide a roadmap and fact pattern for determining whether mediation communications are protected and if so, the protection they are afforded. Lastly, it will offer recommendations so parties, professionals and the courts may better understand and reap the benefits of mediation.     

新就业形态劳动者权益保障问题研究——基于平台责任的理论思考

在平台经济蓬勃发展的背景下,区别于传统用工模式的新就业形态对劳动者权益保障提出挑战。国家相关部门近期发布多个文件,从劳动关系、劳动标准、社会保险等方面对新就业形态劳动者的权益保障提出要求,然而地方实践表明要将保障真正落到实处仍存在现实困境。其中,平台责任及其与劳动者关系问题是核心难点,基于风险完全转移和风险不完全转移进行平台责任的理论探讨,有助于建立兼具可行性及可操作性的制度落地计划。