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21.
长期以来,国际社会一直致力于通过立法来惩治针对联合国人员和有关人员的恐怖袭击活动。1998年生效的《国际刑事法院罗马规约》将攻击联合国人员和有关人员的罪行纳入法院管辖范围。2003年《安理会第1502号决议》进一步完善了规约的规定,并要求各国也在国内立法惩处这类犯罪。 相似文献
22.
当前东亚海上安全环境复杂多变,东亚海上安全局势受各种城内外因素影响不断加剧,形成海上安全困局的主要症结在于东亚各国之间缺乏信任基础.为了有效化解东亚地区海上矛盾争端,必须构建东亚海上战略互信机制,求取东亚各方之间海上利益的最大公约数,从而达成消除隔阂、降低风险、和谐共赢的海上安全局面. 相似文献
23.
观念认同对地区秩序建构有着重要意义。观念认同建构行为体的身份和利益,进而改变或影响行为体的行为,在地区秩序建构中起到了路线图和粘合剂的作用。地区行为体之间的观念认同决定了它们互动的形式和态度,界定了地区秩序的自我属性,框定了战后地区秩序的建构原则,因而成为建构地区秩序的重要因素之一。中国首倡的新安全观与东盟主张的地区规范产生了积极互动,推动东亚观念结构由洛克文化向康德文化演进。 相似文献
24.
《Japan Forum》2012,24(2):193-207
This article introduces the concept of human security, as it relates broadly to security studies and as it relates to the case of Japan. It examines the principal criteria by which human security may be measured and introduces the inherent tensions in domestic/international and state/sub-state dimensions of this novel form of security as it pertains to Japan. The article subsequently goes on to examine in practice how the Japanese government has created a 'safe umbrella of \"human security\"' in order to strengthen its participation in contemporary global society. 相似文献
25.
《Japan Forum》2012,24(3):399-416
Abstract This article analyses the various motives behind Japan's response to the December 2004 Asian earthquake and tsunami. There was no mono-causal explanation for Japan's tsunami aid policy. The various state, non-state and private actors involved in the policy-making and implementation process each had their own motives but were united by a genuine spirit of humanitarian goodwill. Nevertheless, the tragedy did provide the Japanese government with an opportunity to promote a security agenda by enhancing the legitimacy of the Self-Defence Forces (SDF) and strengthening military relations with the US. Tokyo also took advantage of the tsunami to pursue politico-diplomatic objectives. Prominent among these were two interrelated goals: the bid for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and a desire to diplomatically outshine China. 相似文献
26.
《Development in Practice》2012,22(1):91-97
Post-tsunami rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in Aceh have been criticised as focussing on vertical reporting at the expense of lateral coordination, leading in some cases to ‘overlaps and redundancies, mis-targeting and hastily planned and implemented programs’. Our experience is that effective coordination between implementing agencies, linked to appropriate Indonesian government agencies, can effectively improve the delivery of services, in this case to coastal aquaculture farmers in Aceh. Most importantly, in an environment where numerous agencies are undertaking rehabilitation activities across a broad geographic area, this approach enables the provision of a consistent and standardised technical message to farmers. Coopération dans la réhabilitation et le développement de l'aquaculture à Aceh, en Indonésie Les activités de réhabilitation et de reconstruction post-tsunami dans la province d'Aceh ont été critiquées comme se concentrant sur la présentation de rapports verticaux aux dépens de la coordination latérale, ce qui a mené dans certains cas à des « chevauchements et des redondances, à un ciblage erroné et à des programmes planifiés et mis en œuvre à la hâte ». Notre expérience indique que la coordination efficace entre les agences chargées de la mise en œuvre, reliées aux organismes gouvernementaux indonésiens appropriés, peuvent vraiment améliorer la prestation des services, dans ce cas aux aquaculteurs côtiers d'Aceh. De plus, et c'est l'aspect le plus important, dans un environnement où de nombreuses agences entreprennent des activités de réhabilitation dans une zone géographique large, cette approche permet de diffuser un message technique cohérent et standardisé aux aquaculteurs. Cooperação na reabilitação da aquacultura e desenvolvimento em Aceh, Indonésia As atividades de reabilitação e reconstrução pós-tsunami em Aceh têm sido criticadas por concentrar-se em relatórios verticais às custas de coordenação lateral, levando em alguns casos a “sobreposições e redundâncias, falta de foco e programas planejados e implementados de forma precipitada”. Nossa experiência indica que uma coordenação efetiva entre agências implementadoras, juntamente com agências governamentais apropriadas da Indonésia, podem efetivamente melhorar a implementação de serviços, neste caso para produtores costeiros de aquacultura em Aceh. Acima de tudo, em um ambiente em que várias agências estão realizando atividades de reabilitação em uma ampla área geográfica, esta abordagem permite o fornecimento de uma mensagem técnica consistente e padronizada para os produtores rurais. La cooperación para la rehabilitación y el desarrollo de la acuicultura en Aceh, Indonesia Las actividades de rehabilitación y reconstrucción tras el maremoto en Aceh han sido objeto de críticas por haberse centrado en informes verticales a costa de la coordinación horizontal, provocando en algunos casos “duplicidades y redundancias, objetivos mal definidos y programas planeados e implementados apresuradamente”. La experiencia de los autores muestra que una coordinación efectiva entre agencias ejecutoras, vinculada a las contrapartes correspondientes del gobierno de Indonesia, puede mejorar la prestación de los servicios de manera significativa, tratándose en este caso de piscicultores de la costa de Aceh. Lo más importante es que, en un ambiente donde varias agencias realizan actividades de rehabilitación en un amplio territorio, este método permite transmitir información técnica consistente y uniforme a los productores. 相似文献
27.
邴金伏 《江南社会学院学报》2000,2(2):14-17
21世纪初,世界力量对比严重失衡的态势将有所变化,世界格局多极化将有新发展.美国经济一枝独秀的风光不再,各主要力量经济增长相对均衡化.欧盟、日本寻求独立定位的倾向更显突出,俄罗斯民族主义上升,对外政策强硬面增加,次力量中心进一步活跃.单极与多极的矛盾仍将是21世纪初国际关系的主要矛盾,它们之间的互动构成21世纪初世界政治发展的主轴.世界各主要力量围绕建立21世纪国际秩序的构筑进行的斗争将全面展开.我国外部安全环境中的不确定因素增多.军备竞赛不断升级,重要地缘战略地区的动荡增加.美国对我遏制力度明显加大,周边某些国家也出现借超制华倾向.宗教极端势力、民族分裂势力、国际恐怖势力汇聚中亚,对我国西北安全与稳定构成潜在威胁. 相似文献
28.
Imad Salamey 《Third world quarterly》2015,36(1):111-129
This paper advances the proposition that post-Arab Spring politics are a product of globalisation’s economic and social liberalisation. The global market and privatisation have fundamentally deconstructed centralised autocratic rule over state and society, while facilitating corruption and selective development, culminating in public outrage. The political order of the Middle East and North Africa since the Arab Spring synthesises globalisation’s dialectic duality, in which economic integration has contributed to the demise of national authoritarianism, inciting communalism and political fragmentation. This paper analyses emerging political trends and challenges based on a comparative analysis of Egypt and Tunisia. 相似文献
29.
Arie Krampf 《Contemporary Politics》2015,21(2):179-200
The experience of the recent two decades of financial crises shows that donor countries and international financial institutions (IFIs) can respond to a crisis in a peripheral open economy by either of two crisis management strategies: either they can impose harsh conditionality to fix the domestic economy and prevent future moral hazard problems, or they can provide last-resort credit to restore market confidence. In some cases, the crisis management strategy changes as the crisis evolves. What are the factors that determine the choice of key donor countries and IFIs? This article traces the processes by which the USA and the International Monetary Fund designed the crisis management strategy in respect to the Asian crisis, and how Germany and the European Central Bank designed the response to the eurozone crisis, in order to understand how ideas regarding the causes and solutions of a financial crisis interact with the interests of key donor countries. The article argues that in both cases ideas and interests are mutually constituted, but in each case the mechanism that linked ideas and interests was different: whereas in the Asian case US interests led to policy innovation and experimentation and to a change in the crisis management strategy, in the European case ideas played a greater role in shaping German interests. The article explains this difference on the basis of the lessons learned by IFIs from the Asian crisis, which were then implemented in the eurozone case. 相似文献
30.
Marianna Charountaki 《Third world quarterly》2015,36(2):337-356
The effect of the Arab Uprisings on the interplay of state and non-state entities is revealed as influencing the emergence of multiple players of non-state status pursuing democratic rights, and as attempting to dismiss regional despotism as an intrinsic element of ongoing transition in the Middle East. This article focuses on the positive overall effect on the Kurdish movement of unity and cooperation between KRG and PKK-PYD actors to achieve Kurdish harmony, and as interconnected paradigms vis-à-vis their influence and interaction with regional players. Given the rise of the Kurds in Syria and the KRG’s regional importance as the first actual Kurdish de facto state entity, the PKK’s role appears key for unifying and institutionalising the relatedness of the Kurdish movements in Iraq and Syria. An empirical understanding of the Kurdish case, explained through a conceptual model of ‘multi-dimensional interrelations’, may further clarify how the theoretical framework can be applied to International Relations. 相似文献