基于DS18b20的水温控制系统

本文介绍了DS18B20单总线数字温度传感器的工作原理和在水温控制系统的应用。     

20世纪新诗思潮述评

现实主义、浪漫主义与现代主义,这三大思潮共同存在于20世纪中国的诗坛,既有互相抵牾与矛盾的情形,又有兼容与互补的一面。如果剥除其中政治化的和其他非诗的因素的干扰,实际上已凸显了中国新诗理论所显现出来的两种不同的发展趋势。一是面向社会, 一是面向自我;一是强调为人生,一是强调为艺术;一是集体性的民族性格的展示,一是个人化的人格的展示。二者互相对立,同时又互相转换、互相补充,构成20世纪中国新诗理论的基本态势。     

论20世纪末叶的审丑文学思潮

本从20世纪末叶的中国学多元的发展态势中发现了其共同性本质，即从统摄艺的感性学角度看来，这共同性就是审丑，其具体表现为：学审美论在新时期的张扬发展，最后就导致了自身的悖反－学审丑思潮的出现；学由初期的局部审丑到中期的全面审丑，新时期学尤其是是锋锋学的审导意识和特点与近现代学中对丑的展览和欣赏具有不同的表现，从而导致中国学在世纪末发生了根本性的美学变异。     

The Quest for a United Nations Specialised Agency for the Environment

Abstract

Recent years have seen intense intergovernmental deliberations on issues concerning governance in the field of environment. Their aim has been to address the role of the institutions that provide platforms for international environmental cooperation. There are two main lines of enquiry: the role of regime-specific institutions that cater to sectoral regulatory frameworks (popularly known as multilateral environmental agreements, or MEAs); and the role of institutions that are established to follow up on global environmental conferences or a specific environmental task. Most of these institutions reflect intergovernmental consensual process. However, there are concerns about their proliferation and there is a growing cacophony of calls to ‘bring coherence to the fragmented landscape of MEAs, intergovernmental bodies, UN system entities and other international organizations’ (Sha Zukang (2011) ‘Legal and policy dimensions of sustainable development: expected contribution of Rio + 20’, Environmental Policy and Law, 41(6), pp. 244–246, at p. 245). In fact the need to bring order to environmental governance has assumed great importance and urgency if environmental cooperation is to be achieved. This paper explores, in particular, the role of the United Nations Environment Programme and its potential for conversion to a specialised agency of the UN.     

不确定性和策略互动条件下3G投资的期权博弈模型

3G预期下的移动市场结构必定是三个寡头的竞争,在这种条件下,传统NPV和实物期权方法由于没有考虑竞争对手策略互动的影响,而不适用于3G项目投资决策分析。因此,在分析3G项目投资期权价值和博弈特征基础上,利用带跳的几何布朗运动来模拟市场不确定性和技术进步、政府规制等非市场不确定因素,从而确定领先者和追随者的价值函数及临界值,构建领先者和追随者的双寡头期权博弈模型。     

The Sexual Violence Risk-20: factor structure and psychometric properties

Although the Sexual Violence Risk-20 (SVR-20) is widely used, its psychometric properties have only been investigated in a limited number of studies. This study explored the factor structure of the SVR-20 and examined its psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the fit of the original three-domain model of the SVR-20. The CFA showed that the original structure was not satisfactory. Exploratory principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted in search of a more optimal factor structure. Psychometric properties (i.e., internal consistency, predictive value, and convergent validity) of both the original domains and alternative factors were investigated. The PCA and subsequent CFAs pointed in the direction of an alternative, more optimal three-factor solution. The three alternative factors were labeled as Antisociality, Sexual deviance, and Problematic thinking and produced better internal consistency coefficients than the original domains. However, the validity of the SVR-20 was modest and no evidence was found indicating that the alternative factors were better in this regard as compared to the original domains. Despite the overall superiority of actuarial measures in predicting recidivism, the structured professional judgment of the SVR-20 proved to be more predictive of sexual, violent, and general recidivism than its actuarial scoring method.     

G20机制非正式性的起源

与国际货币基金组织等正式国际组织不同,G20是布雷顿森林体系内一种新的非正式对话机制.已有的关于G20机制起源的研究,都较多关注了G20机制诞生的必然性,却忽视了G20为什么会采取非正式机制形式的问题.本文通过对G20机制诞生历史的考察,分析了G20机制非正式性的形成过程,并指出,非正式性是G20缔造者关于新机制形式的一个基本设想,也是对当时历史经验的总结.理解G20机制非正式性的形成对于我们把握G20究竟是一种什么类型的国际机制以及如何处理G20与其他多边国际机制的关系具有一定的启发意义.     

Employment preservation vs. creditors’ repayment under bankruptcy law: The French dilemma?

The paper investigates the French dilemma associated with court administered resolution of corporate financial distress. In such a legal system, the courts seek a double objective: maintaining job positions through continuation, and determining the best outcome for the claimants. We discuss this dilemma empirically, using a unique sample of bankruptcy files on French SMEs. We address successively three critical questions. First, we highlight the determinants of the final bankruptcy outcome (continuation through reorganization or sale, or piecemeal liquidation): does continuation (the most employment-friendly outcome) depend on the firm's characteristics, and/or on the way the procedure is managed? Second, we study the determinants of the creditors’ recovery rates: do the courts play an active role in increasing recoveries? Third, we address the dilemma directly by focusing on sales as a going concern. We model the court administered selection process between rival buyout offers: do the courts balance the social content against the financial content of each offer? Is there an explicit arbitrage between employment preservation and creditor recoveries? Our main results are: (1) the French courts actively work to facilitate continuation against liquidation, and thus play a role in employment preservation. Besides, we find continuation is more likely to prevail when default is an outcome of specific difficulties (outlets, finance, and production). (2) We confirm the Radulovic (2008) findings: the global recovery rate mainly depends on the firm's ex ante characteristics at the time of triggering, while the way the procedure is managed by the court has little impact. Similarly to LoPucki and Doherty (2007), continuation via reorganization does not generate lower recovery rates on average than the other outcomes. (3) Last, the courts’ choice between rival buyout offers confirms that social considerations prevail in the arbitration. Yet, the courts still consider financial issues as well (a higher sale price increases the chances that an offer is selected), but without clear connection with the amount of due claims (one direct consequence is a moderate recovery rate on sales).