推广普通话与普通话水平测试

我国推广共同语源远流长,从推行雅言、正音、通语、官话到国语运动、推广普通话历经两千多年。新中国成立后,推广共同语———普通话,措施种种,而实施普通话水平测试则是重大举措。时至今日,普通话水平测试已开测十年,继续大力宣传普通话水平测试,诸如测试内容、范围、等级标准、应试对象、达标要求及应试者应注意事项等,对促进推普工作仍具有重要意义。     

浙江乡镇公共预算创新与基层民主政治建设

在浙江温岭进行的乡镇公共预算创新实践，引起了舆论和学者的广泛关注，表明浙江乡镇公共预算创新实践具有重大的现实意义和理论研究价值。本文对近年来关于这一创新实践的研究进行了梳理，概括了研究中提出的基本观点和各种主张，认为研究的基本趋势是指向人民代表大会制度的改革完善，应当把改革完善人民代表大会制度作为公共预算创新的落脚点，这也是基层民主政治建设的基本点。     

多重安全视角下的东南亚核问题

东南亚核问题在不同时期有不同的表现,冷战时期主要带有传统安全的色彩,冷战后则呈现为非传统安全与传统安全的交织.尤其是近年来一些东南亚国家着手开发核电,该地区的核问题更为错综复杂.从多重安全的视角来看,核问题将对东盟的区域治理能力构成一定的挑战.     

Answering the “International Call”: Contextualising Sydney Anti-Nuclear and Anti-War Activism in the 1960s

Although recent work on protest in the 1960s has placed organised opposition to the war in Vietnam in a transnational context, there is as yet no history of the Australian anti-nuclear campaigns of the early years of the decade. By examining anti-nuclear activism in 1961 and 1962 in relation to anti-war protest in 1965 and 1966, this paper argues that Sydney activists understood themselves as part of a transnational protest movement well before they began to agitate against military involvement in Vietnam. Lessons learnt while mounting solidarity protests with the British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament informed the repertoire of practice that Australian anti-war activists used to mount their protests against the conflict in Indochina.     

Fuel for thought? South Africa's position on the multilateralisation of the nuclear fuel cycle

The proponents of international nuclear fuel banks maintain that these banks will contribute to nuclear non-proliferation, whereas those opposing it maintain that nuclear weapon states support these banks in order to control and multilateralise the nuclear fuel cycle, thus preventing developing states from developing nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Global inequalities pertaining to nuclear energy continue to persist despite developing states’ efforts to reform the international nuclear energy regime. Moreover, some developing states maintain that these nuclear fuel banks perpetuate inequality in international relations. This is one of the reasons why some leading developing states, such as Brazil and South Africa, oppose these banks. South Africa, for example, intends to re-establish its nuclear fuel cycle and has declared uranium a strategic resource. Against the aforesaid, this article, following a constructivist approach, analyses the emergence and social construction of nuclear fuel banks as a practical expression of nuclear non-proliferation norms. The discussion also considers the inter-subjective understanding of these banks, as well as South Africa’s opposition to them. The article concludes with an analysis of the implications of these opposing views for global equity, equality, nuclear non-proliferation and the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.     

Predicting daily-life antisocial behaviour in institutionalized adolescents with Transgression-related Implicit Association Tests

This study investigated whether implicit attitude (IA) and implicit self-concept (ISC) towards transgression predicted daily-life antisocial behaviour (ASB) in institutionalized adolescents. Eighty-seven adolescents completed two Implicit Association Tests (IAT) assessing IA and ISC towards transgression, and reported four times a day during eight days the intensity of their ASB. Staff members concurrently reported the intensity of each adolescent’s ASB. Adolescents filled in the Inventory for Callous-Unemotional Traits and answered a semi-structured interview assessing conduct disorder. Multilevel regression analyses confirmed that adolescents’ ISC towards transgression significantly predicted their self - and staff-reported ASB over and above conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits. However, adolescents’ IA towards transgression did not predict their ASB. Results indicate that ISC towards transgression is a reliable predictor of daily-life ASB in institutionalized adolescents. These results suggest that transgression-related ISC represents a promising target for ASB prevention in institutionalized adolescents.     

论宪法权利的构造

宪法权利的构造方式有两种,一种是规则构造,一种是原则构造。规则是明确命令,它的应用形式是涵摄,而原则是最优化命令,权衡是它独有的运用方式。原则构造迄今引发了诸多反对意见,最为重要的是对权衡的理性的质疑。本文是对权衡理性的辩护。通过发现和证立隐藏在德国宪法诉讼中合比例审查背后的衡量公式,文章尝试证明权衡是理性的,原则理论就此有能力成为宪法权利的基础学说。     

印度对国际核不扩散机制的政策现状及前景

1998年5月11日和13日,印度相继进行了5次核试验并公开宣布成为核武器国家。印度核试验对国际核不扩散机制构成了严重冲击,也遭到国际社会的一致谴责。至今,印度仍被国际核不扩散机制排除在外,尽管已是事实上的核武器国家,但并未获得法理上的承认,从而对印度谋求“有声有色的大国”地位形成掣肘。为此,印度积极调整对国际核不扩散机制的政策,缓和与该机制的关系,并且寻求融入机制,以期助力其大国地位追求。但在此过程中,印度的战略自主传统与国际机制的规则之间出现了结构性的矛盾,使其政策目标充满了极大的不确定性。     

醉驾型危险驾驶罪刑事证据规则研究——基于刑事一体化的尝试性构建

醉驾型危险驾驶罪类似国外违警罪的特性,决定了该罪出罪通道不应通过《刑法》第13条中但书现象建立。结合该罪实体要件取决于程序鉴定结果之特性,应跳出刑事实体法之外,结合刑事程序法对刑事证据证明标准有关理论,围绕如何判断醉驾案证据证明力问题并建立相应的证据规则,以严把入罪关。根据醉驾案证据证明力高低不同,可建立如下证据规则:单独呼气酒精测试结果只能作为醉驾案立案侦查依据而非定案证据使用;单独血液酒精含量测试结果可以作为定罪证据使用,且并不违反刑事诉讼法中孤证不立原则,但其客观性与合法性必须经过排除合理怀疑;既无呼气酒精测试也无血液酒精含量测试结果时,仅凭旁证不能认定醉驾犯罪成立。     

五味子乙素对脂多糖诱导的脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织病理损伤、炎症反应和核因子-κB表达的影响

目的 观察五味子乙素对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）诱导的脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织病理损伤、炎症反应和核因子 -κB （nuclear factor kappa-B，NF-κB）表达的影响。方法 采用气管滴注40 mg/kg LPS制备大鼠急性肺损伤大鼠模型，手术前1 h腹腔注射80 mg/kg 五味子乙素进行干预治疗，测定大鼠肺湿/干质量比，BCA试剂盒测定大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalceolar lavage fluid，BALF）总蛋白，牛鲍氏计数板计算 BALF中白细胞数，苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠肺组织损伤情况，ELISA法检测大鼠肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β，IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）含量，相关试剂盒检测大鼠肺组织中丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）含量，蛋白质印迹法检测大鼠肺组织中NF-κB p65、磷酸核因子- κB 抑制蛋白（phosphorylation inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B，pIκBα）和Toll样受体4（Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4）的表达水平。结果 与模型组相比，五味子乙素组大鼠肺湿/干质量比、BALF中总蛋白含量及白细胞数均显著减少（P<0.05），病理损伤显著减轻，TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量均显著减少（P<0.05），MDA含量显著下降，SOD活性显著升高（P<0.05），NF-κB p65、pIκBα和TLR4表达水平均显著下调（P<0.05）。结论 五味子乙素能够减轻LPS诱导的脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织的病理损伤，抑制炎症反应和氧化应激反应，抑制NF-κB通路激活。