Stable Isotope Ratios of Marijuana. I. Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes Describe Growth Conditions*

Abstract: There remains significant uncertainty in illicit marijuana cultivation. We analyzed the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of 508 domestic samples from known U.S.A. counties, 31 seized from a single location, 5 samples grown in Mexico and Colombia, and 10 northwest border seizures. For a subset, inflorescences and leaves were analyzed separately. These data revealed a strong correspondence, with inflorescences having slightly higher δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values than leaves. A framework for interpreting these results is introduced and evaluated. Samples identified as outdoor‐grown by δ¹³C were generally recorded as such by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). DEA‐classified indoor‐grown samples had the most negative δ¹³C values, consistent with indoor cultivation, although many were also in the outdoor‐grown domain. δ¹⁵N indicated a wide range of fertilizers across the dataset. Samples seized at the single location suggested multiple sources. Northwest border δ¹³C values suggested indoor growth, whereas for the Mexican and Colombian samples they indicated outdoor growth.     

Data protection legislation: What is at stake for our society and democracy?

The author starts by questioning the main privacy challenges raised by our present and future information society viewed as a “global village”. Apart from a comparison with the traditional village of our parents, he identifies the two complementary and not dissociable facets of our privacy: the right to seclusion and the right to participate fully in our society. According to the first German Constitutional Court recognizing the right to informational self-determination as a new constitutional right, he underlines the need to analyse the data protection as a tool for ensuring both the citizens' dignity and our democracy.     

论人工生育子女的法律地位

人工生育技术的出现改变了人们的生育观念和道德观念,它一方面给不孕不育夫妇带来了福音,另一方面也带来了一系列的道德问题、伦理问题和法律问题,使得自然生殖下确定亲子关系的原则受到挑战。为了明确父母的权利义务,保障人工生育子女的合法利益,确定人工生育子女的法律地位问题显得尤为重要。人工生育区分成三种情况,各种情形下人工生育子女的法律地位,世界各国立法的规定以及学者们主张和学说。     

美国反网络恐怖活动的情报工作及对我国的启示

网络恐怖活动具有成本低廉、破坏广泛、技术性高、隐蔽性强等特点。美国在反网络恐怖活动的情报工作中采取了完善情报立法、构建网络式结构反恐情报体系、大力开展网络侦查等一系列情报对策．构建了强大的国家安全屏障。在我国,防范和打击网络恐怖活动一方面要树立信息时代的新威胁观与安全观．另一方面则可借鉴美国反网络恐怖活动情报工作的经验。     

对侦查智能本质问题的思索

智能一般是指个体运用知识、经验获取信息、认识客观事物、合理思维和有效地处理周围环境事宜的主观能力。侦查智能是侦查个体运用知识、经验,获取、利用犯罪关联信息,通过思维等智力因素的参与,认知事物、解决问题的主观能力。侦查智能的本质特征是对涉及案件有关知识的创新运用,基本内容是发现、处理犯罪关联信息;其表征是对犯罪关联信息的注意力、观察力、记忆力和思维能力,其中思维能力是侦查智能的核心表征与实质;其衡量标准是认知、解决犯罪事件的速度、准确性和恰当性;其发展及制约因素是社会环境,个体的学习、实践以及“非智力因素”。     

图解“国家情报模式（NIM）”

国家情报模式（NIM）是英国警务实施的国家改革项目,该项目制定了一套比较科学的国家情报标准,2002年英国警察改革法案颁布了135个国家情报模式运行最低标准,可从NIM业务处理流程图上看,这些标准主要涉及11个方面。     

浅析利用情报信息实施“精确打击”刑事犯罪的条件及模式

实施"精确打击"刑事犯罪,最重要的是综合利用情报信息,包括对犯罪情报信息的采集、分析和利用,实现犯罪打击从粗放型向集约型的转变。应充分认识"精确打击"的适用条件和要求,运用犯罪信息指导防控模式和打击刑事犯罪的信息导侦模式,对犯罪实施精确防控与打击。     

Measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime

This article explores the possibility of measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime in a reliable and accountable manner, both in general terms and with a practical focus on the Canadian context. In considering measures to combat organized crime, a focus on process measurement has obscured the more substantial question of progress as regards the dependent variable itself: the bottom line of reducing the impact of organized criminal behaviour. While outcome measures are more challenging to identify than process measures, this fact alone does not minimize the need to demonstrate the connection between organized crime enforcement and its presumed outcomes to a greater degree of certainty. To date, this has not been realized to any significant degree, as revealed by a review of existing international approaches to measuring the impact of enforcement activity. The article argues that a multidisciplinary focus on community level indicators of crime, if initially less accessible than process measures of impact on organized crime groups, offers promise as a measurement of absolute and relative impact of state investment in enforcement.

Ambient Intelligence, Criminal Liability and Democracy

In this contribution we will explore some of the implications of the vision of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) for law and legal philosophy. AmI creates an environment that monitors and anticipates human behaviour with the aim of customised adaptation of the environment to a person’s inferred preferences. Such an environment depends on distributed human and non-human intelligence that raises a host of unsettling questions around causality, subjectivity, agency and (criminal) liability. After discussing the vision of AmI we will present relevant research in the field of philosophy of technology, inspired by the post-phenomenological position taken by Don Ihde and the constructivist realism of Bruno Latour. We will posit the need to conceptualise technological normativity in comparison with legal normativity, claiming that this is necessary to develop democratic accountability for the implications of emerging technologies like AmI. Lastly we will investigate to what extent technological devices and infrastructures can and should be used to achieve compliance with the criminal law, and we will discuss some of the implications of non-human distributed intelligence for criminal liability.

同事排斥对新入职毕业生工作绩效的影响 ：情绪智力的调节作用

职场排斥不利于高校毕业生的角色适应和绩效提升。本研究基于资源保存理论,从职场排斥现阶段研究较少的同事角度入手,探讨同事排斥、情绪智力对新入职毕业生工作绩效的影响。研究发现:(1)同事排斥负向影响工作绩效(任务绩效、关系绩效);(2)情绪智力正向影响工作绩效(任务绩效、关系绩效);(3)情绪智力负向调节同事排斥与任务绩效的关系,即情绪智力会弱化同事排斥对新入职员工任务绩效的负面效应。