Framing Trade‐offs: The Politics of Nuclear Power and Wind Energy in the Age of Global Climate Change

This article outlines recent debates over nuclear energy and wind farms in an age of growing concern about climate change. Proponents of these technologies have used “trade‐off” frames to promote these technologies in the face of current and potential opposition to them. This article examines the nature and limits of the trade‐off frames being used and their probability of success. We argue that using the language of trade‐offs is generally a suboptimal framing strategy: trade‐off frames remind the public of the costs associated with particular policies, and therefore play into the hands of policy opponents. However, policy advocates may turn to them when the costs of a technology are well known and are perceived as high. In such cases, trade‐off frames may help to justify controversial policy solutions. Like any frames, the trade‐off frames used in the debate over climate change solutions both illuminate and obscure the deeper issues involved in energy policy reform.     

How Public Officials Gain Policy Influence—Lessons from Local Government in Sweden

That public officials influence public policy is generally agreed upon, but the issue of how individual officials gain this influence is less developed in the literature. Here, the stories and experiences of 10 officials, active in local environmental governing in Sweden, are used to identify, describe, and discuss key strategies for gaining policy influence. The result shows the importance of accessing key politicians; avoiding isolation within the administration; developing long-term strategies; and being skilled in communication, networking, and generating external resources. The way these officials act and think challenges some well-established theoretical notions and adds empirical insights to the democratic dilemma of bureaucratic power.     

公共支出改革与政府职能转变

政府机构改革的关键是转变政府职能 ,转变政府职能离不开政府公共支出的改革。政府职能转变要求合理界定公共支出范围 ,科学进行公共支出预算 ,改进公共支出的使用方式 ,健全和完善公共支出的管理制度。     

PRRS抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及应用

以差速离心法结合蔗糖密度梯度离心法提纯的PRRSVSC2株作为包被抗原,建立了检测猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗体的间接ELISA法。该法的最适抗原包被浓度为5μg/mL,最佳酶标兔抗猪抗体稀释度为1∶5000,对猪抗PRRSV的IgG检测灵敏度达到0.1μg/mL。该法只与PRRS阳性猪血清呈现阳性反应,而与PRRS阴性猪血清和猪伪狂犬病、猪乙型脑炎、猪瘟、猪细小病毒病阳性血清呈现阴性反应。应用该法检测PRRSVORF5基因疫苗免疫猪后的抗体消长规律表明,疫苗免疫猪后第7d抗体水平迅速上升,第75d达到高峰,然后缓慢下降,至第135d时仍然极显著(P<0.01)高于空载体对照和空白对照。试验结果表明,该法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,可用于PRRS流行病学调查和PRRSV基因疫苗免疫后抗体水平检测。     

试论登记的效力——从一起财产分割案件谈起

登记的效力,外国立法例有登记要件主义、登记对抗主义和托伦斯登记制度三种不同观点。登记是物权变动的要件,具有公示、公信和警示作用。我国法律采取了登记要件主义,但对于登记的范围应加以具体规定。物权变动应与原因行为相区别。动产登记采登记对抗主义。     

生态文化基础上的公共空间变迁与重构

作为重要媒介的公共空间在以山地民族为主的社区内主要以生态空间的形式出现,并随着国家相关政策的变化发生了一系列的变迁。在经历了家族主义、集体主义和现代社区建设三个时段的变化发展后,历史上“生态———宗教———政治”的复合型公共空间已向“生态———宗教———生态”转化,且在最基层与国家的行政组织复合和互相渗透,新的公共空间的重构已经在生态环境的可持续发展目标下开始。     

'Brazil Needs to Change': Change as Iteration and the Iteration of Change in Brazil's 2002 Presidential Election1

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's triumph in Brazil's 2002 presidential election was construed in terms of a promise of radical change against the holders of the status quo . This article argues that in fact a more subtle political game was a stake in the election, a contest over the meaning and limits of change itself. The article examines how the various players – Lula da Silva, outgoing president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and the PSDB's presidential candidate José Serra – invoked and iterated a discourse of change to define and redefine the political dividing lines that marked out the electoral dispute and attempted to set or fix the distinctions between their political positions.     

构筑“从学生为本”的教育理念

“以学生为本”的理念变革是教育改革的核心问题,也为教育过程中如何处理教师与学生的关系提供了有益启示。“以学生为本”,主要是尊重学生的个性,确立学生在教学中的主体地位。     

The Role of Flexibility Mechanisms in EU Climate Strategy: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges?

The main objective of this paper is to examine the evolution of European Union (EU) climate strategy, scrutinising in particular developments in EU's views on the so-called flexibility or Kyoto mechanisms. In brief, the paper argues that there has been a gradual change in EU's views, from the role of a sceptic in the run-up to Kyoto towards becoming more of a frontrunner on emissions trading in recent years. The need to 'save Kyoto' and the protracted development of EU climate policy are highlighted as two of the most important drivers behind this process of change. This paper also discusses some of the lessons learned from international negotiations and the development of EU climate policy. Finally, and drawing upon the lessons learned, the paper explores key future challenges for the further development of EU climate strategy.     

The Impact of Gender and Department Climate on Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Quit for Faculty in Science and Engineering Fields

This study investigates whether gender and the perceptions of department climate affects faculty job satisfaction and intentions to quit (work outcomes) with surveys responses from 308 faculty members in science and engineering fields. The study finds that both gender and department climate are related to work outcomes and that two facets of department climate (affective and instrumental) mediate the relationship between gender and both job satisfaction and intention to quit. This finding suggests that universities can benefit from improving department climate, which then may improve the retention of both male and female faculty, but may have an even greater impact on improving job satisfaction and reducing intentions to quit of female faculty.