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41.
Research shows that residents report high levels of disorder in places with greater concentrations of minorities even after controlling for objective indicators of crime or disorder. Less understood, however, are the mechanisms that explain this relationship. Drawing on a survey of nearly 10,000 residents nested within 297 neighborhoods across two cities, we use a multiple indicators–multiple causes model to examine the cues that lead individuals to distort the presence of minorities in neighborhoods. We then employ multilevel models to test whether these distortions influence perceptions of disorder. Furthermore, we assess whether living in a socially cohesive neighborhood mediates and/or moderates the relationship between “seeing” minorities and perceiving disorder. We find that when residents overestimate the proportion of minorities living in their neighborhood, perceptions of disorder are heightened. Yet social cohesion moderates and partially mediates this relationship: Residents living in socially cohesive neighborhoods not only report less disorder than those living in less cohesive communities, but also they “see” fewer minorities when compared with residents living in less socially cohesive neighborhoods. These results suggest that social cohesion is an important mechanism for explaining how residents internalize the presence of minorities in their neighborhoods and how this then leads to perceived neighborhood disorder.  相似文献   
42.
In the existing literature, compensation is often understood to be an inferior source of cohesion in military organisations. Through an investigation of the militias who fought for Charles Taylor’s government of Liberia, this paper makes three claims. Firstly, the organisation of these forces was looser than is often claimed in previous literature, which assumes tight and often coercive military patrimonialism. Consequently, the militias did not enjoy the interpersonal bonds of solidarity that have dominated recent cohesion literature. Secondly, since Taylor chose to suppress attempts to build cohesion around ethnicity, it played a subordinate role in unifying the militias. Thirdly, Taylor instead relied on military contracting and compensation, which allowed for the broad mobilisation of forces. The combination of militias’ hopes of inclusion into the state patrimony and insufficient resources to realise this left the cohesion of the militias fragile. Ultimately, this paper questions both whether Taylor had any choice but to resort to compensation in a context with a weak state and fragmented social organisation, and also whether the strategy is as inefficient as often thought.  相似文献   
43.
ABSTRACT

This article makes the case for rethinking the social contract concept with attention to countries affected by conflict, fragility, and fraught transition. Inspired by related policy efforts and engaging scholarship across multiple disciplines, this piece and the multi-country research represented in this Special Issue aim to build the intellectual lineage of the concept. A conceptual framework and proposed heuristic device for enhancing policy and practice is presented. Five case studies and a thematic paper on inclusion are discussed with this in mind. Comparative findings and implications are assessed for how resilient social contracts aid the attaining and sustaining of peace.  相似文献   
44.
柴磊  刘海燕 《青年论坛》2010,(1):141-145
指称是语篇衔接的重要手段之一,所体现的是语篇中指代成分与指称对象之间的相互解释关系。由于汉语和英语分属类型不同的语言,有着迥然不同的词汇文法体系,再加上文化和思维方式的差异,两种语言中的指称词语在用法上存在着明显的区别。在实际教学中应导入英汉语篇的对比分析,引导学生注意英汉指称词语的不同特点,尽量减少或消除母语对学生英语学习的负面干扰。  相似文献   
45.
通过相关衔接理论对英汉两种语言中的句群进行剖析,阐述英汉两种语言常用的句群衔接手段的差异,为英汉句群翻译及语篇翻译提出一些应对策略,以便在翻译实践中达到使译本更符合其目的的语言习惯,发挥译本成功、准确地传达信息的功能。  相似文献   
46.
刘凯 《青年论坛》2014,(4):78-83
在当今高校普遍采取学分制培养模式的背景下,高校班级学生流动性加强,班级凝聚力明显滑坡。但与此同时,班级凝聚力建设对于人才培养具有明确的导向功能、整合功能和教育功能,对帮助大学生顺利适应大学生活,促进身心健康和全面发展具有非常重要的积极作用,因此,在学生工作中应充分重视加强高校班级凝聚力建设,并在深入研究的基础上提出切实可行的提高高校班级凝聚力建设的路径,以求促进高校学生工作相关理论与实务的发展。  相似文献   
47.
政治共识的生产、凝聚与维护需要在民主制度、公共理性和政治认同的共同作用之下方能达成。政治共识的凝聚机制主要通过信息整合机制、协同合作机制、规则程序机制、理性沟通机制和话语框架机制的相互嵌入与影响,共同致力于制度共识、政策共识、价值共识的形成。政协作为专门协商机构,凝聚政治共识是其核心功能之一,数字治理时代需要建立完善的网络信息技术平台来保障政协凝聚共识功能的实现。政协内部及政协与政府部门、社会之间在网络信息技术平台上进行高效的信息整合与协同合作,建立科学的规则与程序,使委员们与社会各界代表可以进行理性沟通,形成政策共识。建立和传播更为合理有效的话语框架,有助于在社会范围内广泛形成价值共识和制度共识。  相似文献   
48.
Based on the conception of democratic aspiration as hegemonic, the author argues that democracy and its reproduction are doomed to exist in a constant tension. Anchored on a critical review of the ideas of Pierre Rosanvallon, Colin Crouch, Klaus Von Andreas Schedler and Klaus Von Beyme, the author analyzes the particular configuration of this form of government and the challenges it must confront, both those that are inherent to its design and those that are derived from its development in contemporary societies and political systems. Thus, democracy is approached from different conceptual perspectives, although favoring the one that views it as a political-institutional arrangement enabling coexistence and competition of/within political diversity. In turn, and taking as referents the undp and eclac diagnoses, the author analyzes the specificity of democracy in Latin America, its structural weaknesses and the possibility of building a new social pact in order to provide an answer to the prevailing breakdown of social cohesion and exclusion.  相似文献   
49.
Abstract

This article aims to discuss social cohesion as an alternative instrument to address the ever dragging land question in South Africa. Although there are various activities that have been undertaken and policy programmes that have been proposed, all those initiatives have not been able to completely translate land reform policy into practice as intended. Other than recognising the ‘willing seller-willing buyer’ policy which appears not to have been internalised by the stakeholders concerned, this article also presents a transformative approach for both white land owners and black emerging farmers to work together in a tolerant and amicable manner. The most critical step that is required for land reform in the whole country is a public consultation process for government to be able to engage with all parties and to put a list of informed alternatives on the table for discussion. Obviously, that includes the willing seller willing buyer policy. Based on the outcomes of such discussions, the government has to play a mediation role to heal the racial division caused by the Natives Land Act of 1913. In short, this discussion presents social cohesion to heal the past without land owners perceiving transformation policies as apartheid in reverse.  相似文献   
50.
Yu Liu 《社会征候学》2013,23(4):367-388
Recent research on multimodal discourse has explored the nature of semantic relations between different semiotic resources. Drawing on the interpretation of language as a social semiotic resource, this article proposes Intersemiotic Texture as the crucial property of coherent multimodal texts and presents a preliminary framework for cohesive devices between language and images. The framework is illustrated through examination of print media to demonstrate how the image–text relations are meta-functionally orchestrated across experiential, textual and logical meanings at the discourse stratum. A discourse-based model is suggested to analyze image–text logical relations complementary to existing grammar-based approaches. This research also develops a meta-language to describe Intersemiotic Cohesive Devices from two complementary perspectives: Intersemiotic Cohesion not only functions to integrate different modes together when multimodal discourse is conceptualized as a finished product, it also constitutes essential text-forming resources for semantic expansions across language and images during the ongoing contextualization of meanings in real time.  相似文献   
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