论检察引导侦查的合理定位

检察引导侦查,是我国刑事司法实践中最近出现的一种重要趋向。由于这一做法有助于遏制侦查权控制不力所造成的种种弊端,也引起了法学界的普遍关注。理论是实践的先导,检察引导侦查制度的设计和完善,首先必须立足于对其的合理定位:通过引导实现控制。如果控制的思路不被彰显于前,则此制度的发展最终将会陷入僵局,失去其应有的功能。     

Corporate Governance in Spain (with an Application of the Power Indices Approach)

This paper describes the governance system of Spanish listed firms in the early 1990's. Although the institutional setting of the Spanish Stock Exchanges differs little from other European national markets, we found important differences in several aspects of corporate governance. In particular, some of the standard mechanisms of control (e.g. boards and institutional shareholders) do not play an active role, whereas ownership is relatively concentrated. Moreover, power indices suggest that controlling blocs of large shareholders are very likely to form. We thus conclude that the ownership of shares is a pivotal mechanism in the governance of Spanish corporations.     

简论警察网络应对中的在线介入与离线防控——以美国为例谈网络作为维护社会稳定的重要"场域"

网络之于现实社会的巨大影响仍在快速发展和不断被认识中,其作为现实社会显现或潜在的巨大力量,也正被各国政府、营运企业及技术、法律各界高度关注。问题的焦点之一,即如何有效"规制"网络世界中那些与现实世界密切关联的方面,特别是那些于现实主流社会有巨大影响甚至是颠覆性影响的问题。以警察直接防范、打击的专业架构看,"在线介入"与"离线防控"的双重应对是一个思路。"在线介入",即"在线"的规制与干预,"离线防控",即落地的预防与控制。警察必须既作业于网络社会又作业于现实社会,既深入于"彼岸"又深入于"此岸",既是网络警察又是现实警察,既执行维护虚拟社会秩序的责任又执行维护现实社会秩序的责任!警察非于传统警务架构方面做出最大限度的跟进,才能适应这一全新的非传统的警务巨变。     

Linking self- and social control with deviance: Illuminating the structure underlying a general theory of crime and its relation to deviant activity

The present paper operationalizes and empirically tests the most recent theoretical speculations of Hirschi and Gottfredson regarding an individual level characteristic of self-control and its relation to earlier specifications of control theory as well as the literature on personality. Linkages are drawn between their broad delineation of self-control and personal disorders of hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention deficits, and minor conduct problems. Psychologists disagree about whether such disorders represent single or multiple traits and whether both behavioral and cognitive measures can appropriately depict personality characteristics. Employing structural equation techniques, support for several propositions derived from Gottfredson and Hirschi's thesis is found: Self-control subsumes several personality disorders and is significantly comprised by early behavioral indicators of aggression and fighting, is inversely related to other elements of the social bond, is moderately stable over a short period of time, and significantly predicts criminal convictions. However, questions remain regarding the ubiquity of self-control, the magnitude and meaning of stability, and the power of this perspective to explain all forms of self-reported delinquency.     

DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

Recent studies point to the potential theoretical and practical benefits of focusing police resources on crime hot spots. However, many scholars have noted that such approaches risk displacing crime or disorder to other places where programs are not in place. Although much attention has been paid to the idea of displacement, methodological problems associated with measuring it have often been overlooked. We try to fill these gaps in measurement and understanding of displacement and the related phenomenon of diffusion of crime control benefits. Our main focus is on immediate spatial displacement or diffusion of crime to areas near the targeted sites of an intervention. Do focused crime prevention efforts at places simply result in a movement of offenders to areas nearby targeted sites—“do they simply move crime around the corner”? Or, conversely, will a crime prevention effort focusing on specific places lead to improvement in areas nearby—what has come to be termed a diffusion of crime control benefits? Our data are drawn from a controlled study of displacement and diffusion in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two sites with substantial street‐level crime and disorder were targeted and carefully monitored during an experimental period. Two neighboring areas were selected as “catchment areas” from which to assess immediate spatial displacement or diffusion. Intensive police interventions were applied to each target site but not to the catchment areas. More than 6,000 20‐minute social observations were conducted in the target and catchment areas. They were supplemented by interviews and ethnographic field observations. Our findings indicate that, at least for crime markets involving drugs and prostitution, crime does not simply move around the corner. Indeed, this study supports the position that the most likely outcome of such focused crime prevention efforts is a diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas.     

建立交通管理社区警务体制刍议

随着社会经济的发展 ,原有的交通勤务管理方式的局限性越来越突出 ,改革现有的交通勤务管理模式 ,建立社区警务体制 ,是适应城市社区改革 ,推进交通安全社会化 ,提高管理效能 ,发挥民警主观能动性的需要。对此 ,应合理设置警务管理区 ,确定交通管理社区警务职责 ,规范交通管理社区警务运作模式。     

关于公司法实施中的若干问题

在公司法实施中暴露的主要问题是发起人虚假出资、控制股东行为不规范、公司人格混同及被滥用现象突出。完善公司立法应立足中国国情,统一公司与企业法,重构公司资本制度,降低公司设立门槛,完善公司治理,细化债权人保护规则以增强法的可诉性;在公司司法方面,宜完善司法解释并由最高人民法院公布公司案例,发挥其引导作用;在揭开公司面纱方面尤其应结合中国的国情和司法实践,而不宜机械地照般国外的理论。     

法律对社会冲突的控制与和谐社会的构建

现实社会是冲突与和谐的统一体。和谐社会并不是不存在冲突,而是社会制度能够最大限度减少冲突。中国目前正处在构建社会主义和谐社会时期,需要从法律制度上对各种社会冲突进行有效控制。在立法上,建立一种服务于大多数人利益整合的制度,实现对利益的分配、保障和和谐;在司法上,做到阻止非法利益、平衡合法利益、容许法外利益,实现司法公正。     

谈公安派出所在消防监督检查中存在的问题及对策

公安派出所消防监督检查是我国三级消防管理体制的重要组成部分。文章通过调查和对辽宁省朝阳市1994年~2004年火灾情况的分析,发现公安派出所在消防监督检查工作中存在体制关系不顺等问题,为完善公安派出所消防安全工作,使消防监督三级管理走上法制化的轨道,贯彻落实公安部73号令———《消防监督检查规定》,结合实际提出了将消防监督检查工作落到实处的解决方案。     

诈骗犯罪中被害人过错研究

被害人过错是诈骗犯罪既遂的重要条件。被害人自身素质低、社会风气不正及社会管理上存在漏洞是滋生诈骗犯罪被害人过错的重要原因。减少被害人过错是防控诈骗犯罪的重要措施。为此须健全法律制度,严密社会管理措施,提高社会成员的整体素质,加强社会预警等,才能有效减少诈骗犯罪。