从社会经济形态转变看网络经济特征

网络经济作为一种新的经济形态,并不只是单纯的电子技术革新,互联网技术及其对经济生活的深刻影响,也不是简单的"触网",必须从社会形态和经济生活的合理性中寻求对网络经济的全面理解.本文从生产与消费的关系入手寻找网络经济,继而就网络经济的涵义及特征进行探讨.     

日本妇女的M型就业状况问题与对策

M型就业是由于结婚生育而形成的妇女劳动力率的变化,是一些发达国家妇女就业的主要模式,其中以日本最为典型.M型就业模式强化了妇女在发展过程中的边缘化地位,不仅有悖于日本"男女共同参与社会"的基本理论,而且也不利于日本经济和社会的可持续发展.为此,日本政府颁行了一系列促进妇女就业的法律政策,力求通过营造兼顾工作和家庭的良好社会环境来促进妇女就业,收到了积极效果.     

国家安全生产外部性的内在化

国家安全生产具有外部性,包括外部经济性和外部不经济性。为克服外部不经济性,实现内在化,需要采取各种适当的方式：一是企业方式,即国防企业建立现代企业制度,在政府和企业之间建立隔离带,把企业的所有权和经营权分开,使企业成为独立经营、自负盈亏的法人主体。二是合同市场方式,即通过市场竞争,在供给方和需求方之间达成交易合同,明确双方的权利义务。这是多种方式中最基本、最重要的方式。三是项目纵向一体化方式。它是在合同市场方式的交易成本过高的情况下实行的一种方式,它能把市场交易方式转换为项目内部交易方式,以节约交易费用。四是政府调控方式。它是在项目方式的内部交易成本过高时采取的一种方式。它与传统的政府方式不同：它严格区分了政府、军队和企业的职权,是对合同方式、项目方式的补充,因而既不是指令性计划方式,也不是重要的交易方式     

Civil society knowledge networks: how international development institutions reshape the geography of knowledge

What role have the processes and institutions of international development played in creating and propagating ideas around the world? This paper demonstrates that networks of development-focused civil society institutions can form global epistemic bridges even where communication technology, global markets, infrastructure, or state services do not reach. Given the penetration of these ‘civil society knowledge networks’ throughout the world, it is crucial to understand how these networks form, and how they create and spread ideas, mediating between global discourses and local needs. This paper builds on a multi-sited case study of one such civil society knowledge network, which includes an international foundation, its partner non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Kenya, and one village where these NGOs run a forest conservation project. The case study provides a closely textured analysis of the mechanisms of knowledge production and consumption in the network, including personality politics, language, technology, political connections and the power dynamics of knowledge flows. It demonstrates the ways remoteness and disconnection are overcome through the epistemic reach of institutional networks involved in development interventions.     

提高警察服务能力的法理思考

警察的职责是服务社会和人民,警察的角色是公仆和社会服务员,而不是主人和社会管理员。因此,警察服务能力是警察执法能力的应有之义,是履行警察职责的前提。同时,提高警察服务能力,是社会主义法制赋予人民警察的神圣使命;是四代党和国家领导人的殷切期望;是弥补我国警察服务能力缺失之必然;也符合政府角色定位及其职能的转变;更顺应世界警务改革的潮流。     

关于按生产要素分配的经济学思考

按生产要素分配实质上是按投入生产过程的各生产要素在生产过程中的贡献进行收益分配,其理论依据是使用价值论.在社会主义市场经济条件下,以价值论和使用价值论为依据,坚持按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合,是对马克思主义经济理论的坚持和发展.     

Flying bananas: small producer tactics and the (un)making of Philippine banana export chains

Global production network (GPN) analysts argue that workers actively contribute to the shaping of GPNs through different forms of agency. In this contribution I extend this argument to the tactical agency of small producers. By focusing on the phenomenon of side-selling among Filipino banana contract farmers, I show that these tactics have contributed to the emergence of alternative trade networks that undermined traditional lead firm behaviour and inspired new struggles over chain governance. However, as a diverse and ambiguous group of growers engages in this tactical agency, predominantly as small capital, they also contribute to the continuation of broader dynamics of capital accumulation and labour exploitation.     

The ox fall down: path-breaking and technology treadmills in Indian cotton agriculture

ABSTRACT

Although India’s cotton sector has been penetrated by various input- and capital-intensive methods, penetration by herbicide has been largely stymied. In Telangana State, the main obstacle has been the practice of ‘double-lining’, in which cotton plants are spaced widely to allow weeding by ox-plow. Path dependency theory primarily explains the persistence of sub-optimal practices, but double-lining is an example of an advantageous path for cash-poor farmers. However, it is being actively undermined by parties intent on expanding herbicide markets and opening a niche for next-generation genetically modified cotton. We use the case to explicate the role of treadmills in technology ‘lock-in’. We also examine how an adaptive locked-in path may be broken by external interests, drawing on recent analyses of ‘didactic’ learning by farmers.     

差异性社会:基于政治学层面的思考

差异性社会是对我国经济社会发展现状的客观定位。其中,尊重人的主体性地位是差异性社会形成的基点;规范人的主体性行为是差异性社会的制度要求;提高人的劳动能力是差异性社会的基本任务。从政治学层面梳理差异性社会理论对构建社会主义和谐社会以及人的全面发展有一定意义。     

论新时期公安局长的素质与能力建设——以区县公安局长为例

我国已进入深化改革开放、转变经济发展方式的关键时期,面临的发展机遇和风险挑战前所未有,影响国家安全、社会稳定的不确定因素明显增多,公安机关维护国家安全和社会稳定的压力不断增加。基层公安局长的岗位有自身的特点,新时期、新阶段基层公安局长应当具备良好的政治素质,具备准确把握形势、指挥侦查破案、处置突发事件、指导依法行政、创新警务机制、抓好班子团结和队伍管理等方面的能力,并把不断学习新知识作为提升自身素质与能力的重要保障。