叶下珠水提物对裸鼠人肝癌移植瘤HBx和VEGFR3表达的影响

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒x基因（hepatitis B virux x gene, HBx）和血管内皮生长因子受体3（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3, VEGFR3）基因与乙型肝炎相关肝癌的相关性,以及叶下株水提物（aqueous extract of phyllanthus urinaria L, AEP）对HBx和VEGFR3蛋白表达的干预作用。方法 将60只Balb/c-nu裸鼠随机分为10组。分别复制转染HBx、氯霉素乙酞转移酶（chloramphenicol acetyltransferase,CAT）和VEGFR3基因的HepG2肝癌细胞的裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,用AEP进行干预,以生理盐水、环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide,CTX）作为对照,共治疗6周。观察模型复制后不同时间各组裸鼠的移植瘤生长状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组裸鼠血清甲胎蛋白（alpha fetal protein, AFP）水平,采用Western blot方法检测移植瘤组织中HBx和VEGFR3蛋白表达水平。结果 肝癌移植瘤模型复制成功。各组裸鼠体质量均随着时间显著增长。实验结束时,接种HepG2-HBx细胞的各组中,AEP处理组肿瘤质量显著低于CTX处理组（P＜0.05）,其AFP水平显著高于NS处理组（P<0.05）,其移植瘤组织中HBx表达水平显著低于NS组（P<0.05）。接种相同肝癌细胞的各组中,AEP处理组VEGFR3表达水平最低,但与CTX组VEGFR3表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;AEP组和CTX组VEGFR3表达水平显著低于NS组（P＜0.05）。对于相同的处理因素,接种HepG-HBx细胞和HepG-CAT细胞的裸鼠移植瘤组织中VEGFR3表达水平均显著低于接种HepG-VEGFR3细胞的裸鼠（P＜0.01）。结论 AEP通过直接抑制HBx蛋白和VEGFR3蛋白表达,及通过抑制HBx蛋白表达而间接抑制VEGFR3蛋白表达,达到对肝癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用。     

论东南亚贸易自由化与经济增长

战后,东南亚国家的贸易政策大致经历了三个阶段。80年代末90年代初开始,各国加快了贸易自由化的步伐。各国大幅降低关税水平,减少非关税壁垒,使之关税水平和结构呈现新的变化。东南亚国家贸易自由化推动了进出口贸易规模的扩大,提升了货物与服务的世界市场占有率,促进了产业部门尤其是制造业的出口贸易、劳动生产率和最终收入的增长,从而成为国内经济增长的引擎。在世界性和区域性贸易自由化加速发展的背景下,东南亚国家贸易自由化的进程将有所加快。     

Proteolytic‐Based Method for the Identification of Human Growth Hormone*

Abstract: Human growth hormone (HGH) is a relatively small protein consisting of 191 amino acids and has an average mass of 22,125 amu. The forensic analysis of proteins such as HGH must meet the analytical sufficiency requirements for the laboratory and consists of a binary approach. A suspected sample is analyzed as the whole protein for retention time and mass determination using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Further fragmentation of the protein using a proteolytic enzyme adds another dimension to the specificity of the analysis. Porcine trypsin digests proteins in a very predictable manner and yields peptide fragments of the original protein that can be used as a means for fingerprinting the larger biomolecule. In silico, or theoretical, digestion of HGH by trypsin yields 21 peptides ranging in size from 1 to 23 amino acids in length. The larger fragments containing higher numbers of amino acids give more specificity to identifying a protein based on a fragment produced by the digestion of trypsin. Herein, the analysis of HGH using a proteolytic approach is presented that meets the Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG) recommendations for the identification of unknown substances.     

The entrepreneurial society

This paper explains why and how entrepreneurship has emerged as an engine of economic growth, employment creation and competitiveness in global markets. The entrepreneurial society reflects the emergence as entrepreneurship as an important source of economic growth.

Geographic and technological R&;D spillovers within the triad: micro evidence from US patents

This paper aims at assessing the magnitude of R&D spillover effects on large international R&D companies’ productivity growth. In particular, we investigate the extent to which R&D spillover effects are intensified by both geographic and technological proximities between spillover generating and receiving firms. We also control for the firm’s ability to identify, assimilate and absorb the external knowledge stock. The results estimated by means of panel data econometric methods (system GMM) indicate a positive and significant impact of both types of R&D spillovers and of absorptive capacity on productivity performance.

The effect of EU structural funds on regional growth: assessing the evidence from Greece, 1990–2005

This paper brings empirical evidence on the impact of EU structural policy on regional income growth. The case of Greece over the period 1990–2005 is taken as an example. This period is characterized by the acceleration of the European integration process, with a central role assigned to the EU structural support to less prosperous regions. Regional growth is approached through the estimation of β-convergence equations using panel methods of estimation. The empirical results reveal a positive impact of structural funds support on regional growth while income convergence is enhanced. In addition, a significant influence of spatial income and unemployment spillovers on regional income growth is evidenced, illustrating the recent growth performance in Greece. Our results leave ample room for European regional policy to operate for the promotion of growth and the reduction of regional disparities.

2050年政府治理的新图景:基于“时-空-技术”三维演化的视角

在“时-空-技术”三维视角下,政府治理面临着社会加速带来的时间压力、复杂性增长带来的空间压力及技术革新带来的创新压力。2050年政府治理将实现十大转型:治理理念转向以人为本、开放透明、包容共享和系统创新;治理目标转向人的幸福及对美好生活的向往;治理方向转向国家治理体系与治理能力现代化;治理动力转向质量驱动、创新驱动、价值驱动;治理路径转向共振、共景、共治;治理模式转向“人-机”融合;治理结构转向动态网络型灵活治理结构;治理机制转向超级合作型、包容创新型和快速反应型;治理职能转向核心职能;治理手段转向智能化、个性化、精准化等。     

Family negativity and delinquent behavior in adolescence: a predictive multivariate latent growth analysis

ABSTRACT

The current study had three aims: (1) to explore whether there is over-time change in adolescent delinquency and negativity in the parent–adolescent, sibling and marital relationships during adolescence; (2) to examine the interactions of negativity across subsystems; and (3) to examine whether levels and changes in adolescent delinquency are predicted by levels and changes in negativity in all family subsystems. Data of 497 families participating in the RADAR-young study were used. Ratings of all family members were used to measure negativity in family relationships, and adolescent self-report was used for delinquency. Multivariate latent growth curve models showed over-time increases in mother-adolescent negativity and over-time decreases in sibling negativity, as well as significant individual differences in these changes. Second, evidence for both social contagion and compensatory processes in family negativity was found. Third, initial levels of parent–adolescent negativity were related to initial levels but not over-time changes of adolescent delinquency, whereas initial levels of sibling negativity were related to over-time changes but not initial levels of adolescent delinquency. Finally, increases in parent–adolescent negativity were related to faster increases in adolescent delinquency, and decreases in sibling negativity were related to slower increases in adolescent delinquency. Implications of these results are discussed.     

The Role of Non -Economic Drivers in Development Planning: The Case of South Korea and Turkey

ABSTRACT

The relationships between economic growth and planning strategies have been debated in different disciplines of social science. However, the emphasis has been more on structural and theoretical assumptions of planning and economics at the expense of other important non-economic and institutional factors that include social, cultural, political, and administrative dimensions. To explain the different approaches and outcomes of development planning, one needs to examine other factors that influence the nature of these plans and why they have been adopted. Using rigorous systematic and thematic review of government reports, academic publications and data from international organizations, this comparative study reveal the unique role non-economic factors play in countries’ development. It has been revealed that these factors not only influence the nature of planning strategies adopted by governments but also affect how these plans are implemented. Since South Korea and Turkey have achieved impressive economic growth over the last half a century, they have been selected as a case study to examine the role non-economic factors in their respective developments.     

论假日经济及其健康发展的有效途径

假日经济作为经济发展的新的增长点,为拓宽消费市场,刺激居民消费,推动相关产业、行业的发展起到了积极的作用。要通过完善市场机制、规范市场管理、加快相关产业发展和基础设施的建设步伐,为假日经济的可持续发展创造良好的空间。