论非正式金融与正式金融的关系

非正式金融、正式金融与违法金融有着不同的界定。非正式金融与正式金融在一国的金融体系中起着同等重要的作用,二者之间存在着竞争、互补及转化的关系。因此,我们应该正确、辩证地看待非正式金融在经济中的作用,为其提供制度保障和服务体系,促进其健康发展。     

新鱼腥草素钠对小鼠鲍曼不动杆菌肺感染模型的保护作用

目的 构建小鼠鲍曼不动杆菌诱导的肺炎模型,观察新鱼腥草素钠对鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染的保护作用。方法 将小鼠分为对照组、肺炎模型组、低剂量新鱼腥草素钠组和高剂量新鱼腥草素钠组。术前4 d和1 d利用环磷酰胺预处理各组C57BL/6小鼠,从术前3 d开始,低剂量新鱼腥草素钠组和高剂量新鱼腥草素钠组每天给予新鱼腥草素钠治疗,使用重症监护病房分离的鲍曼不动杆菌菌株制备新鲜菌液,通过气道接种方法接种至小鼠制备鲍曼不动杆菌肺感染模型,分别于接种后24、72 h进行小鼠肺及血液细菌计数,苏木精-伊红染色观察肺组织炎症变化,检测支气管肺泡冲洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF）白细胞、中性粒细胞数量以及肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）的水平。结果 小鼠接种鲍曼不动杆菌后肺及血液中细菌数量增多（P＜0.05）;小鼠肺部有严重的炎性反应和组织损伤,BALF中白细胞计数升高（P＜0.05）,TNF-α、IL-1β含量增加。而经过新鱼腥草素钠治疗后,小鼠肺及血液中细菌数量显著低于肺炎模型组,肺组织损伤较轻, BALF中白细胞、中性粒细胞以及TNF-α、IL-1β水平均显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论 新鱼腥草素钠能够显著提高鲍曼不动杆菌感染小鼠的白细胞数量和活性,从而增强抗感染能力。     

Politics and the Price of Rice in Thailand: Public Choice,Institutional Change and Rural Subsidies

Despite the Thai state’s long record of rice market interventions, historically politicians failed to leverage rice subsidies in their pursuit of political support, notwithstanding the large number of farmers in the country. Since Thaksin Shinawatra’s election in 2001, though, each government has subsidised rice producers, although at varying degrees. What explains this change? This article traces the four-decade history of rice price support programmes. It is proposed that these policies be interpreted through the dual lens of institutionalism and public choice theory, demonstrating how political institutions have shaped incentives for politicians to cater to different constituencies. During the pre-1980 period, under authoritarian regimes, Thai leaders applied rice price policies to benefit urban consumers and the government. From 1979 through 2000, following implementation of the block-vote system, rice interventions were used to appeal to voting intermediaries like rice millers, as bargaining chips among competing parties and as stopgap measures to diffuse farmer protests. Since 2001, responding to the electoral system created by the 1997 constitution, politicians have appealed directly to the voting public, seeking broad-based support via subsidies. The analysis highlights the impact that shifting institutional incentives have on politicians’ actions and thus the emergent policies.     

The Correlation Effect of Land Finance to Basic Public Service:An Empirical Study on Compulsory Education,Health and Social Services

Local governments are constantly disturbed by land finance about the supplying effectiveness of basic public services. With the steady deepening of the financial reform, this disturbance has reverse effect on the local government reform process. Through literature review of existing land finance and public service, this research constructs the relational theory model of land finance and product supply of basic public services, in order to theoretically interpret the relations between land finance and economic or non-economic public service products, for better distinction. With the aid of random and fixed effect model regression analysis, this paper clarifies the significant impact of land transfer and financial autonomy for the supply of basic public services. Furthermore, with the robustness test, it is found that increasing land finance basic public service provision would generate negative external tropism. Therefore, we suggest proper adjustment of the relationship between the central and local land fiscal configuration, optimizing the structure of land tax, enhancing fiscal autonomy of local governments, and promoting the reform of land finance, for the effectiveness of basic public service provision.     

Opting for Openness: Capital Mobility and Monetary Sterilisation in Malaysia

Malaysia gained attention for its use of capital controls in 1998, but since the early 2000s it has emphasised its commitment to an open capital account, despite experiencing volatile capital flows. As well as opting for financial openness, Malaysia chose to manage the value of its exchange rate after de-pegging from the US dollar in 2005. In a bid to escape the macroeconomic constraints that arise from capital mobility, Malaysia also chose to sterilise a large portion of capital inflows. It then made a further choice to use market-based sterilisation instruments more than regulatory sterilisation measures. These choices have carried costs and led to a build-up of economic risk. Three interrelated factors explain these choices: Malaysia’s strategy to manage the stigma arising from its imposition of controls in 1998, the increased level of financial integration that followed from this strategy, and the politically privileged position of groups that have benefitted from Malaysia’s commitment to capital openness.     

新时期创建侦查新思维之思考

侦查思维是指侦查人员在侦查办案中的思维活动,是侦查主体在把握侦查客体的活动中具有创造性的一种思维活动。随着社会的发展和犯罪侦查实践的变化,传统侦查思维方式已不能适应工作需要,需要在侦查基础工作、现场勘查、侦查措施运用、侦查讯问等方面改变传统经验型的侦查思维,创建侦查新思维。     

新时期爱国主义的理性思考

在新的历史条件下,继承和发扬爱国主义传统不仅需要激情,更需要理性。我们要不断加强爱国主义的科学理性指导,使爱国主义的信心更强、更加理性务实、更加讲求方式方法,并且把爱国热情化为建设祖国的积极行动,以体现一心一意谋发展的时代精神。     

论南朝律学之新发展

南北朝律学上承魏晋律学之遗风,下启隋唐律疏之鼎盛,是律学史上十分重要的历史时期。其中南朝时期的律学更是经过社会流变与学术创新,在关注内容和学术形式上都出现了全新的元素,成为律学取得重大发展的阶段。     

构建经济法视野中的合同制度

从罗马市民社会到现代经济领域,经济发展的事实充分证明,人类经济活动大都与合同紧密相联,而且随社会的进步合同关系日愈复杂。我国现行合同法虽然较好地规范了商品流通中的合同关系,但受传统和时代的局限,许多新的合同关系在合同制度的视野中找不到完整答案。为进一步规范合同法体系,解决实践中存在的问题,本文分析了中外合同制度的时代特色和存在的问题,主张经济法视野中构建市场经济环境下的新型合同制度,并提出几点设想,以期完善我国的合同制度。     

党的十七届三中全会召开的时代背景

十七届三中全会的召开具有其特定的时代背景,是破解农村发展现状和应对当前复杂的国际国内形势的需要。