超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测柴油中的微量蔗糖

目的建立检测柴油中微量蔗糖的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。方法用纯水提取柴油样品中的蔗糖,以乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,经ZORBAX RX-SIL色谱柱(2.1mm×150mm,5μm)分离,以电喷雾离子源采用负离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)进行数据分析。结果该方法检测下限(LOD)达10.0μg/L,定量限(LOQ)为15.0μg/L,在50.0~1000.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好;低、中、高3种浓度的加样回收率分别为85.5%、91.5%、90.3%,且相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。结论该方法操作简单快速、灵敏度高、稳定性好、结果可靠,完全满足将蔗糖放入柴油中损坏机械设备案件检验的需求。     

Short run and long run effects of the world crude oil prices on the Malaysian natural rubber and palm oil export prices

With regard to the increasing in world crude oil prices, it is time to examine more carefully the claim that the increase in world crude oil prices tends to increase commodity prices. Hence, we examine the major commodity prices in Malaysia namely palm oil prices and natural rubber prices. We will analyse the relationship of both commodities＇ prices with world crude oil prices using the autoregressive distribution lag （ARDL） approach. Besides the analysis of bound testing approaches to see the level of relationships, short run and long run effects also are carried out in order to investigate which period has been significantly effected by the increase of world crude oil prices. The result reveals that long run relationship between world crude oil prices and both commodities prices exists.     

混和硅油测定玻璃折射率

目的建立混合硅油测定单纯用B油和C油无法测定的玻璃折射率的方法。方法将B油和C油分别按1:2和2:3的体积比配成两种混合硅油,用此两种混合硅油测定同一块玻璃的折射率。结果用此两种硅油测得的玻璃的折射率结果无显著性差异。该方法克服了玻璃折射率仪温度范围窄(25℃～125℃)的缺点。     

俄罗斯远东地区与亚太各国多方合作的基础设施

俄罗斯的石油、天然气、电能非常丰富．而东北亚各国,主要是中国、日本和韩国资源有限．不能满足经济发展的需要。这就为俄罗斯与亚太地区各国。特别是上述３国进行资源合作提供了可能。俄罗斯不仅可以出口石油、天然气、电能、还可以与各国合作开发资源。可以想象。这必然会促进亚太和东北亚地区根本的、长期的国际合作。     

Oil,elections and fiscal transparency

How does governments’ ability to gain financing from oil income affect their behaviour? Numerous studies have explored the effects of oil wealth on countries’ political characteristics, especially the level of democracy. Oil has also been associated with a significant electoral incumbency advantage across different political regimes. However, the relationship between oil wealth and incumbent governments’ behaviour, including election-year fiscal manipulation, has been studied to a lesser extent. This article argues that higher oil rents increase election-year public spending as they provide national governments both with direct revenue and increased financing opportunities. However, fiscal transparency mitigates this effect. Consequently, oil-induced electoral budget cycles decrease as fiscal transparency increases. Using a high-quality measure of fiscal transparency in a panel of countries, robust evidence in favour of this argument is found. The findings suggest that many of the previous results on the political effects of oil, including incumbency advantage, might run through an election-year spending channel, and that fiscal institutions might matter substantially for the political effects of oil.     

An American oil multinational in the U.K.: its formal review of industrial relations strategy

ABSTRACT

This paper is a case study chronicling and analyzing the strategic considerations given to industrial relations in a proposal to develop a coherent and deliberate strategy for industrial relations by the U.K. subsidiary of an American multinational oil company. The study is based on interviews and substantial internal documents provided by the case study managers. This represents a unique illustration as to the extent a major company goes through in considering the way in which it needs to consider industrial relations issues. Seldom has a document such as this been able to be analyzed by industrial relations researchers, and it illustrates the lack of strategic thinking, even in such a large sophisticated organization.     

Regulation under uncertainty: The coevolution of industry and regulation

As production and design disintegrate and become more collaborative, involving dynamic relations between customers and firms supplying complex subsystems and service, products and production methods become more innovative but also more hazardous. The inadvertent co‐production of latent hazards by independent firms is forcing firms and regulators to address the problem of uncertainty – the inability to anticipate, much less assign a probability to future states of the world – more directly than before. Under uncertainty, neither the regulator nor the regulated firms know what needs to be done. The regulator must induce firms to systematically canvas their practices and identify potential hazards. But recognizing the fallibility of all such efforts, the regulator must further foster the institutionalization of incident or event reporting procedures: systems to register failures in products or production processes that could be precursors to catastrophe; to trace out and correct their root causes; to alert others in similar situations to the potential hazard; and to make certain that countermeasures to ensure the safety of current operations are taken and the design requirements for the next generation of the implicated components or installations are updated accordingly. In this essay we develop these arguments and look closely at changes in the Norwegian offshore oil and gas industry and its regulator, the Petroleum Safety Authority to better understand the coevolution of vertically disintegrated industry and new forms of regulation.     

Inquiring into the political economy of oil palm as a global flex crop

Oil palm production and consumption, and the trade of its multiple commodities, have expanded exponentially in recent decades. This paper argues that this expansion will continue due to, and along with, the rise of ‘flexing’ among its increasing multiple uses, especially for more industrial and energy purposes. Oil palm has been extensively analysed in the context of land grabs and agrarian change, land conversion and deforestation. However, its nature as a flex crop remains unexplored, especially with respects to the convergence of global food, fuel and environmental crises. This paper provides a preliminary discussion of how oil palm fits in the flex-crop framework to analyse its enabling material and ideational bases, as well as who informs, decides and controls the nature of flexing. This is done through an analysis of the different roles played by state, corporate (private) and social actors in the flexing of oil palm across the globe. We conclude by drawing some implications for further research.     

The discursive flexibility of ‘flex crops’: comparing oil palm and jatropha

‘Flex crops’ such as corn, oil palm and soy are understood to have multiple, interchangeable uses; they have material flexibility. We propose that discursive flexibility – the ability to strategically switch between discourses to promote an objective – equally shapes the political economy of flex crops, and thereby patterns of agrarian and environmental change. Comparing oil palm and Jatropha curcas, we find that actors who cast oil palm as a multi-scale solution to food and energy insecurity, climate change and (rural) poverty successfully reinforce its high material flexibility. Jatropha's proponents compensate for low material flexibility by positioning the crop as a ‘sustainable’ energy source that achieves both global and local goals. While this paper focuses on discourses that reinforce the oil palm and jatropha projects, understanding the power of discursive maneuvering can also inform efforts to contest them.     

传统硫熏加工与现代微波加工滁菊质量比较

目的 通过对硫熏加工滁菊和微波加工滁菊中主要化学成分进行比较,为滁菊的合理加工方法提供依据.方法 以挥发油、总黄酮、绿原酸及二氧化硫残留量为检测指标,对两种方法加工的滁菊的主要化学成分进行比较分析.结果 硫熏滁菊中挥发油、绿原酸含量均高于微波滁菊;硫熏滁菊中总黄酮的含量略低于微波滁菊;硫熏滁菊的薄层色谱斑点数与微波滁菊...