社会管理创新与谈判式管理探讨

社会矛盾的凸显考验着政府的社会管理创新能力,而谈判式管理是一种由政府提供交流平台,就社会公众关注的利益焦点,通过沟通、协商等手段,经反复调整各自目标,最终达成双赢的管理过程,是社会管理创新的有效方式之一。笔者试图从谈判理念、集体谈判制度、谈判培训等方面探索谈判式管理机制的完善。     

Neutralizing Unethical Negotiating Tactics: An Empirical Investigation of Approach Selection and Effectiveness

Negotiation is integral to business success, and information is the lifeblood of the negotiation process. When invalid information is disseminated via manipulation or deceit, one or more parties can suffer. Nonetheless, many studies have shown that the use of questionable or unethical tactics is commonplace. This article reports on a study of twelve behaviors that can neutralize a counterpart's tendencies to employ questionable or unethical tactics, improving the chances for an integrative (win–win) outcome. The results suggest that while nearly two thirds of participants employed neutralizing behaviors, they used many of these behaviors later in the negotiation process than anticipated and simultaneously alongside questionable or unethical tactics. While we found some evidence that the twelve neutralizing behaviors were viewed differently from questionable or unethical tactics, the expected attenuating effects were not found. The implications of these findings, including opportunities for future research, are discussed.     

Using Blogs as a Teaching Tool in Negotiation

This article reports on the experimental use of blogs as a teaching tool in a course on negotiation and mediation. The blogs were of two kinds: individual "journal" blogs accessible only by the student author and the course instructor, and a class or collective blog, accessible by all members of the course. The use of blogs builds on the familiar use of journals as a tool for reflection and personal review and adopts the technology of online communication with which the student body is increasingly familiar and comfortable. The article reports on the student response to this development and the perceived impact on extended peer-to-peer communication, cooperation, and skills development. This note also briefly places this experiment in the wider context of the widespread use of blogging, online social networking, and — more ambitiously — the promotion of critical and deliberative skills through the use of information communications technology.     

试论行政复议和解程序的优化

随着行政复议法实施条例的颁布实施，行政复议和解程序也相应地开始运行。和解程序渗透了权利本位以及服务与合作等现代行政法价值理念，是效率价值与公平价值最大程度的融合与体现，有助于实现个体自由与公共秩序的有机结合。为使和解程序高效运转，应在厘定其适用范围的基础上，合理设计其适用程序，并明晰其效力。     

对我国加入WTO《政府采购协议》的几点思考

目前国际上许多市场经济国家的政府采购已经由单一的财政支出管理，演变成兼有财政支出管理和国家宏观调控双重功能的重要工具，其是政府介入经济运行的最直接方式之一。我国作为WTO的成员，加入《政府采购协议》、开放政府采购市场只是时间问题，因此，对我国加入《政府采购协议》问题的研究应成为我们当前的主要任务之一。     

危机谈判中的僵局处理策略

在危机谈判中，僵局是谈判人员必须面对的局面，它可能发生在谈判的任何阶段。有效地避免僵局、打破僵局是推进谈判顺利进行的关键。因此，剖析导致谈判僵局的原因，研究避免僵局和打破僵局的方法和策略非常重要。     

Negotiation and Nonviolent Action: Interacting in the World of Conflict

Negotiation and nonviolent action are arguably the two best methods humanity has developed for engaging constructively with conflict. Both have played central roles in helping manage or resolve seemingly intractable conflicts, sometimes sequentially and sometimes in tandem. But experts and practitioners in both fields often underestimate the relevance and effectiveness of the other. This article explores the interface between the fields of negotiation and nonviolent action, their mutual commitment to engage constructively with conflict, and the concern both methods share for leverage, power, and strategic preparation and action. After examining the shared linkages, this article highlights how the two fields have synergistic qualities when utilized together in the same conflict. Using examples from a diverse set of conflicts, the overlap explored in this article lays an important foundation for the future convergence of the two fields.     

论人质危机谈判的原则

人质危机谈判过程中谈判人员要遵循必要的谈判原则。遵循必要的危机谈判原则是取得危机谈判成功的基本保证。文中阐述了危机谈判的几个主要原则：效果性原则、组织性原则、战术性原则、策略性原则。     

Peace from the Inside: Exploring the Role of the Insider-Partial Mediator

Previous quantitative research on mediation in intrastate and interstate conflicts has highlighted the role of external mediators. This study represents the first effort to systematically explore the role of internal—insider-partial—mediators. We suggest that the insider-partial mediators bring important indigenous resources to a peace process and that they can complement external mediators by mitigating the bargaining problem of information failure. Exploring new data on the occurrence and effect of mediation in unarmed insurrections from 1970–2006, we find that the insider-partial mediators significantly increase the likelihood of negotiated agreements. This applies even after controlling for so-called selection effects, where external mediators are selected, or self-selected, into the most difficult conflict situations, whereas insider-partial mediators are utilized in conflict situations that are less severe; and where insider-partial mediators have a substantially higher frequency of activity in unarmed as compared to armed insurrections. We therefore conclude that the insider-partial mediators play an important and positive role in peacemaking that merits further exploration.     

From Tremors to Talks: Do Natural Disasters Produce Ripe Moments for Resolving Separatist Conflicts?

This article suggests that natural disasters can produce a ripe moment for conflict resolution because governments faced with the demand for effective disaster relief have incentives to offer concessions to separatist challengers. An analysis of the prevalence of new negotiations, ceasefires, and peace agreements during 12-month periods before and after natural disasters for separatist dyads 1990–2004 reveal some support for this proposition. Natural disasters increase the likelihood that parties will initiate talks or agree to ceasefires but have less effect on the signing of peace agreements. In line with the proposed mechanism, these results are particularly strong in democracies and following more severe disasters where the need to provide relief is most acute.