Wildlife management,the multilateral trade regime,morals and the welfare of animals 1

Abstract

Various states (and groups of states such as the European Community) have adopted legislation designed to raise standards of animal welfare in many areas including agriculture, companion animals, experimentation and testing, transport, and hunting and trapping methods. Much of this legislation has resulted from extensive lobbying and intense political wrangling. Where the legislation affects animals as products (or animal derivative products such as their pelts or their meat), legislators frequently resort to external facing trade measures to support the moral stance taken in the legislative instrument. At this point potential conflicts with the precepts of the multilateral trade regime operated by the World Trade Organisation arise. The extent to which the relevant provisions in the WTO portfolio of agreements (and the predecessor text of the GATT 1947) assist the cause of animal welfare is limited by both the texts themselves and the narrow interpretation of those texts by WTO/ GATT dispute panels. Non‐governmental organisations involved with animal welfare issues are concerned that the WTO regime will inhibit the development of animal welfare protection legislation and are also concerned that the net result may be a retardation of the development of animal welfare measures in the face of open market competition. This article explores the background to, and substance of, this contention particularly in the context of the European and International legislation designed to deal with the welfare of trapped wild animals and also with other animal welfare legislation having international trade implications. Moreover, the findings of such an examination have much broader implications in that they have relevance to any legislation based on public morality which seeks to enforce that morality through external facing trade measures.     

人体脂肪的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射分析

目的 建立凶杀案件现场遗留的微量人体脂肪残渣种属的检验鉴定方法.方法 用丙酮溶解人体油脂、动物油脂,油脂溶液进行高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射分析.结果 人体脂肪的液相色谱数据特征性强,与常见动物油脂差异显著,可作为鉴定人体脂肪种属的依据.检材不受各种环境因素的干扰,对于腐败的人体脂肪仍可得出准确鉴定结论.结论 高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射方法是检验鉴定微量人体脂肪种属的一种有效手段.     

创伤性脑损伤动物模型研究进展

创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是多因素作用的高度复杂过程,TBI动物实验研究有利于阐明TBI原发性、继发性损伤机制及病理生理学过程,为诊断及治疗提供依据.动物模型的选择依赖于研究目的,然而各种动物模型均具有局限性,仅能复制TBI关键的损伤机制或某一重要的病理生理学过程而无法全面反映...     

口蹄疫病毒感染动物组织及其产品传播口蹄疫的风险和控制

对影响口蹄疫病毒存活的因素、传播途径和最小感染量,口蹄疫感染动物不同组织、体液中口蹄疫病毒的带毒量和病毒存活能力,口蹄疫病毒在各类畜产品中的存活能力等相关研究进展进行了综述;对各类畜产品传播口蹄疫的风险进行了分析评估,并提出了风险控制措施和建议.     

生生不息的逻各斯:人与动物的根本区别——从《尼各马可伦理学》看亚里士多德道德哲学建构的基点

亚里士多德基于现实和理性的考虑,认为解决现实德性问题的依据来源于人和动物的根本区别:逻各斯。逻各斯解决了亚里士多德只有实在本身存在的理论,那么在属人的存在里,逻各斯是唯一一个不同特征。人生存在世界的意义就在于寻找真实的自己,因此逻各斯成为了亚里士多德道德哲学体系建构的核心。《尼各马可伦理学》实现了亚里士多德的追求。     

Wildlife policy matters: inclusion and exclusion by means of organisational and discursive boundaries

As a result of shifting wildlife policy, approximately one-sixth of South Africa's total land has been ‘game-fenced’ and converted for wildlife-based production during the last three decades. The wildlife industry has thereby become a multibillion rand industry with an increasingly vocal political arena. Seeing nature and its production as an organised political project, this article sets out to give insight into the shifting power relations between wildlife utilisers, government officials and civil society in South Africa. It does so by examining the production of dominant narratives on wildlife in the emerging organisational field of wildlife policy. This article studies the Wildlife Forum, an important national discursive space in which government engages with non-governmental parties about wildlife policy. The article argues that by means of organisational and discursive restructuring, government and industry actors have promoted a discourse alliance that endorses both government's conservation interests and industry's development interests, while excluding dissenting voices.     

殷墟卜辞与古代神话中的“龙”

神话中的龙分生物性的龙与作为神祗的龙,而龙崇拜与饲龙之俗都为卜辞材料所证实.神话中的龙伯国或与卜辞中的龙方有关,视两龙交尾为不祥,神话与卜辞又相契合.因此可以说,神话并非人类头脑中的空想,神话的产生是有其历史渊源的,龙的起源也如此.