The grammar of administrative justice values

The debate concerning administrative justice in the UK often involves reliance upon a certain set of values. Examples of such values include openness, confidentiality, timeliness, transparency, secrecy, fairness, efficiency, accountability, user-friendliness, consistency, participation, rationality and equal treatment. These values are often deployed, both in academic and policy contexts, without much precision. This produces confusion which can hamper debate. This article therefore argues there is a need to reflect on how these oft-used values are deployed, and consider the particular concerns which underlie them. In this sense, this article suggests there is a need to refine the grammar of administrative justice. This argument is demonstrated through an extended analysis of the value of ‘user-friendliness’: a site of emerging disagreement in recent years. It proposes that an important distinction must be drawn between two understandings of the value: the ‘accessibility’ and ‘consumerist’ understandings. This article concludes by suggesting that, going forward, it is important to consider whether the use of abstractions is helpful at all in administrative law and justice debates.     

民法理性与民法典——论中国民法典起草思路

民法典是民法形式理性的必然 ,它应当体现民法的价值理性。我国民法典的编纂 ,要做到符合民法的价值理性 ,在体例上应采改良的“现实主义” ,即基本采用现实主义体例 ,但又要汲取理想主义的思想 ,强调人格权的保护 ,以理性的民法典充分体现民法的私权神圣、意思自治的灵魂 ,实现对人的终极关怀。     

论理性主义的双重角色

从国际关系理论和思想史的发展来看,有多重涵义的理性主义主要在思想传统和研究范式两方面中扮演不同的角色.本文从这两个角度出发,分析了作为思想传统和作为研究范式的理性主义各自不同的提出背景、内涵、特点、地位与影响等,并从继承和异化的两方面来对二者进行了初步比较.     

经济学的演变和发展--对理性主义的回顾与反思

霍布斯宣扬赤裸裸的利己主义,斯密则把个人的自利行为纳入经济学的分析框架内,但他对理性的理解掺杂着道德、历史和文化诸因素.新古典经济学把理性变成最大化价值的代名词,这对一贯强调历史对人类行为重要性的马歇尔是痛苦的.尽管对经济学理性主义的批判由来已久,但贝克尔、诺斯等人的努力开始了经济学理性主义的扩张."囚徒困境"是对理性主义的致命一击,如何化解这种冲突成为经济学发展的关键.对经济学理性主义的回顾与反思表明,在坚持成本收益分析的基础上,必须重回古典,这是经济学演变和发展的方向.     

言语习惯与安全困境:超越物质主义与理性主义的思考

在国际无政府状态下,追求安全的行为体往往陷入"安全困境"的悲剧。国际关系文献强调,理性行为体为了保障物质安全而采取的物质行为最终导致自身安全的下降,这种物质主义和理性主义理论却不足以解释国际关系现实。一方面,行为体之间的冲突不能完全归咎于物质因素,也需要从非物质因素,如从言语行为中寻找原因;另一方面,行为体的行为有很大一部分源自习惯,而非有意识的理性。因此,文章试图超越物质主义和理性主义理论框架,从言语习惯的角度探究安全困境的形成机制,指出旨在寻求安全的行为体会形成特定的言语习惯,而按照言语习惯说话行事却容易使其他行为体感到不安全并采取措施加以应对,最终导致行为体自身安全的恶化,文章以冷战为例说明言语习惯如何导致美苏陷入安全困境,强调言语习惯的存在和作用,不仅可以丰富安全困境研究,还可以促使行为体反思、改变和建构自己和他人的言语习惯,以期化解安全困境及构建安全共同体。     

基于有限理性论的立法技术及其在《食品安全法》中的适用

有限理性论在立法技术中的应用研究,不仅在理论上具有开拓性,而且在实践上具有有效性。在理论上的开拓性在于:第一,首次实现了从有限理性论展开对立法技术的研究;第二,首次梳理出基于有限理性论的立法技术的特征;第三,通过《食品安全法》,首次验证了基于有限理性论的立法技术对法律的解释、遵守和修改所具有的有效性。在实践上的有效性在于:基于有限理性论的立法技术要领,我们不仅对《食品安全法》的"天之问"给予合理解释,而且为《食品安全法》的修改与完善提供了有效且有针对性的建议。     

The remote securitisation of Islam in the US post-9/11: euphemisation,metaphors and the “logic of expected consequences” in counter-radicalisation discourse

This article critically analyses the securitisation of Islam post-9/11 in the US and argues that this securitisation is a remote securitisation whereby the securitisers – the security practitioners – are placed at a distance from the securitisees – the Muslim community. This is achieved through two processes of security practice: linguistically by euphemising language and using metaphors, and analytically by understanding radicalisation through a rationalist perspective, which follows the “logic of expected consequences”. This article further problematises the rationalist view of radicalisation in the counterterrorism sector in the US and concludes by introducing a Bourdieusan concept of relationality to critical counter-radicalisation studies.     

公共管理运动中的理性主义批判

公共管理运动是20世纪70年代后发展起来并产生广泛影响的政府治理理论和运动。它为政府改革和公共行政学研究提供了新的思路。然而，由于其理论和实践标准是建立在理性主义基础之上，因此公共管理运动存在着许多值得反思和批判的缺陷：对人性的认识的偏颇；对市场机制的过分崇拜以及不恰当的顾客比喻等。这些缺陷使得公共管理运动只能成为公共行政学研究的一个视角，而不能成为其替代模式。     

The Western Australian Regional Forest Agreement: Economic Rationalism and the Normalisation of Political Closure

This article explores the constraints imposed by economic rationalism on environmental policy‐making in light of Western Australia's (WA) Regional Forest Agreement (RFA) experience. Data derived from interviews with WA RFA stakeholders shed light on their perceptions of the RFA process and its outcomes. The extent to which involvement of science and the public RFA management enabled is analysed. The findings point to a pervasive constrainedness of WA's RFA owing to a closing of the process by the administrative decision‐making structures. A dominant economic rationality is seen to have normalised and legitimised political closure, effectively excluding rationalities dissenting from an implicit economic orthodoxy. This article argues for the explication of invisible, economic constraints affecting environmental policy and for the public‐cum‐political negotiation of the points of closure within political processes.     

"李约瑟之谜"与中国科技法制建设--法理学的分析进路及启示

从法学视角反思"李约瑟之谜"后认为,西方近代科技和工业革命虽与其产权制度有关,但更重要的在于其宪政主义传统及其理性主义精神;当代中国科技法制建设,除建立健全知识产权制度外,更要弘扬宪政观念,倡导理性精神,培育法治意识与科学精神.