财政联邦主义理论及政府间关系分析模式概述

财政联邦主义理论体系根植于西方国家长期的民主政治和地方自治实践及经验总结,政府间关系分析模式业已突破传统单纯关注中央——地方二元结构的思维局限,逐渐发展成为多元主体相互影响下的网络体系,同时融入其他学科的理论假设进入分析框架。     

Full Sibling Identification by IBS Scoring Method and Establishment of the Query Table of Its Critical ValueCSCD

Objective: To establish a query table of IBS critical value and identification power for the detection systems with different numbers of STR loci under different false judgment standards. Methods: Samples of 267 pairs of full siblings and 360 pairs of unrelated individuals were collected and 19 autosomal STR loci were genotyped by Goldeneye™ 20A system. The full siblings were determined using IBS scoring method according to the 'Regulation for biological full sibling testing'. The critical values and identification power for the detection systems with different numbers of STR loci under different false judgment standards were calculated by theoretical methods. Results: According to the formal IBS scoring criteria, the identification power of full siblings and unrelated individuals was 0.764 0 and the rate of false judgment was 0. The results of theoretical calculation were consistent with that of sample observation. The query table of IBS critical value for identification of full sibling detection systems with different numbers of STR loci was successfully established. Conclusion: The IBS scoring method defined by the regulation has high detection efficiency and low false judgment rate, which provides a relatively conservative result. The query table of IBS critical value for identification of full sibling detection systems with different numbers of STR loci provides an important reference data for the result judgment of full sibling testing and owns a considerable practical value. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

National Identity as a Means of Reducing Ethnic Negativism

This article discusses how national identity in Russia is understood by the public and among experts who study ethnic issues. The author separates the notion of national identity into categorical identity and associative identity (i.e., the consolidating type of identity which is based on a strong feeling of connection with other citizens). The latter type of identity is present only among a third of people who identify themselves as Russian. The author further analyses the connection of this type of identity with inter-ethnic negativism. She finds that national identity does not remove bias toward abstract “others.” However, it affects direct inter-ethnic communication in the labor and family spheres. The positive impact of national identity on inter-ethnic attitudes is more apparent in the Astrakhan region, which has longer experience of inter-ethnic communication. It is argued that one obstacle to national identity having a positive impact on inter-ethnic attitudes is the lack of a clear and consistent understanding of national identity among education experts, social scientists, and journalists. The study utilizes data from Wave 24 of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology (“The dynamics of social transformation of modern Russia in the socioeconomic, political, sociocultural, and ethno-confessional contexts,” Wave 4) and several separate regional polls conducted by the Department of Ethno-sociology of the Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Science between 2014 and 2016.     

AGE AND ITS RELATION TO CRIME IN TAIWAN AND THE UNITED STATES: INVARIANT,OR DOES CULTURAL CONTEXT MATTER?*

Current empirical and theoretical understanding of the relation between age and crime is based almost entirely on data from the United States and a few prototypical Western societies for which age‐specific crime information across offense types is available. By using Western databases, Hirschi and Gottfredson (1983) projected that the age distribution of crime is always and everywhere robustly right‐skewed (i.e., sharp adolescent peak)—a thesis that is both contested and widely accepted in criminology and social science writings. In the study described here, we tested this age–crime invariance thesis by comparing age–crime patterns in Taiwan (a non‐Western Chinese society) with those in the United States. In light of Taiwan's collectivist culture versus the U.S. individualist gestalt, we anticipated more divergence than homogeneity in their age–crime schedules. Our findings show robust divergence in Taiwan's age–crime patterns compared with U.S. patterns and the reverted J‐shaped norm projected by Hirschi and Gottfredson. Implications for research and theory on the age–crime relation and for studying human development or life‐course topics more broadly are discussed.     

关于构建和谐劳动关系的几点思考

构建和谐的劳动关系,是新时期影响我国社会政治经济发展的重要内容,更是贯彻落实科学发展观的根本体现.在社会转型、经济转轨新的历史条件下,建立和谐劳动关系具有重要的现实意义.针对劳动关系出现的矛盾和问题,要用发展的眼光和改革创新的方法来解决.政府必须对企业劳资矛盾进行适度干预;必须建立合理有效的公平分配机制;企业应自觉搭建...     

关于改善我国企业劳动关系的对策建议

发展和谐劳动关系,必须形成劳动关系立法和社会法制环境的统一,形成党政主导和工会参与的群众利益维护机制,加快我国劳动关系立法进程,营造职工依法维权的社会法制环境.各级政府在劳动管理与监察中发挥主导作用,可探索建立第三方参与的劳动争议调处制度,不断提高现代企业管理素质和社会责任意识,加强工会组织的民主管理和群众监督力度.     

No man’s land? A comparative analysis of the EU and Russia’s influence in the Southern Caucasus

The article investigates, through a comparative analysis, the different mechanisms of influence that the EU and Russia are projecting in their shared neighborhood in shaping domestic politics. It focuses on the economic and energy sectors in order to analyze two relevant policies for contrasting EU and Russia’s influence in the case of the Southern Caucasus. Contrary to commonly held opinions, Russian influence is receding in both areas and is a dominant external actor only in Armenia. In contrast, the EU is slowly increasing its presence in the economic area and has become a key player in the energy sector.     

People‐to‐People Dialogue between North and South Korea: Looking Ahead

The division in the Korean peninsula has lasted more than a half century, and the people on both sides have become quite different in their values, beliefs, behaviors, and lifestyles. As the two sides have increased their exchanges and communications for the last several years, the biggest challenge Korea and its people face is: “How should human relationships be rebuilt after suffering from chronic conflicts between adversary states?” This article considers track two diplomacy/people‐to‐people dialogue as a response to this question and reviews the issues and obstacles related to initiating such a dialogue.     

在历史深处钩沉和思考中印关系——简评玛妲玉《在华印度人：1840—1949》

印度学者玛妲玉的《在华印度人：1840—1949》是当前中印关系史研究的一部力作。该书对近代时期印度来华人士的三大群体进行研究,并对这三类在华印度人的复杂命运及其对中印关系的深刻影响进行了深入分析。该书不仅是史学领域的创新研究,也是当前发展中印友好关系的极好参照。     

当前中国私营企业劳动关系研究

国际金融危机凸显了中国私营企业劳动关系的本质——雇佣。但在社会主义市场经济条件下,中国私营企业劳动关系却又呈现出不同于资本主义剥削的社会主义特色。正是这种具有社会主义特色的雇佣,决定了中国私营企业劳动关系的现状是复杂的、不平衡的、然而又不是不可调和的。危机影响下,私营企业劳动关系矛盾正在加剧,构建私营企业和谐劳动关系对劳方、资方及政府三方来说,都是迫在眉睫之事。