乡村振兴战略下的乡村旅游与脱贫攻坚

"乡村振兴"已经成为新时代我国农村社会经济发展的主旋律,将统领乡村旅游发展和脱贫攻坚事业。乡村振兴、乡村旅游与脱贫攻坚之间的内在逻辑涉及因果逻辑、主体逻辑、实施逻辑三个方面,在实践中要强调农民的主体地位以及规范理念和产业思维。以乡村旅游产业发展为抓手,助推乡村振兴与脱贫攻坚,一是要精准规划乡村振兴方案和市场营销方案,创新利益分配机制;二是要精准识别客源市场和贫困农户,提升地方经济效益;三是要精准开发特色商品和"三农"人才,培育持续竞争优势。     

乡村振兴背景下农村土地制度的性别审视

中国的改革是从农村开始的,农村改革是从调整农民与土地的关系开启的。改革开放40多年来,在农村土地制度的巨大链条上,妇女既享有宝贵的制度资源,也受限于政策的性别中立立场;妇女的土地权益既在家庭承包经营制度的框架之下得以体现,也为家户所遮蔽。在乡村振兴战略和农村土地制度改革背景下,充分认识妇女土地权益对于经济发展、基层民主、社会稳定的重要性,促使法律政策倡导下的资源分配做出有利于性别平等的转变,实现"从身份到契约"过程中的男女平等,是重新构建农村妇女经济角色、治理角色、文化角色的必由之路。     

The What,Where, and When of Place-Based Housing Policy’s Neighborhood Effects

Ever-scarce affordable housing production resources, in addition to their primary function of providing housing for those in need, are increasingly enlisted for the dual goals of strengthening distressed communities and increasing access to higher opportunity neighborhoods. Information on spillovers can inform investment decisions over time and across communities. We leverage recent, high-quality research on neighborhood effects of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) production, synthesizing evidence according to neighborhood context. We also summarize the evidence on project features moderating impacts of publicly subsidized, place-based rental housing, in general. We conclude that context matters. Producing LIHTC housing in distressed neighborhoods positively impacts the surrounding neighborhood—in terms of modest property value gains and increased safety. By contrast, higher opportunity neighborhoods experience small property value reductions, and no impacts on crime. Big questions remain, however, about impact heterogeneity—via tenant mix, property design, and ongoing property management, as examples—with the scarcity of systematic data representing one of the field’s largest constraints.     

Comment on David Listokin,Barbara Listokin,and Michael Lahr's “The contributions of historic preservation to housing and economic development”

Abstract

Listokin, Listokin, and Lahr laud the economic benefits of historic preservation but fail to delve deeply enough into the negative impacts and how they might be mitigated. Preservation projects tend to displace lower‐income households and small businesses, and the jobs they generate tend to be low paying. In areas with high potential for displacement, local government and civic leaders should act cautiously and not intervene in ways that overheat these markets. We are unlikely to see new federal policies that substantially mitigate displacement. Nonetheless, the historic rehabilitation tax credit could be revised to encourage more modest and affordable preservation projects.

The extra costs associated with historic rehabilitation standards can be more burdensome than the authors describe. To reduce these costs, the administration of the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation could be made more consistent and cost‐sensitive.     

Smart growth: More than a ghost of urban policy past,less than a bold new horizon

Abstract

Proponents of smart growth tout its more compact, less automobile‐dependent development as a superior alternative to the prevailing pattern of sprawl. Admittedly, smart growth is characterized by the ghost of urban policy past, ranging from inner‐area revitalization to growth management. Yet smart growth incorporates leading‐edge, contemporary components (e.g., encouraging multimodal transportation, strategically locating public employment), and its timing is propitious—as aging baby boomers, rising immigration, and other forces support core‐area revitalization and other smart growth themes.

The future of smart growth is promising, but its success is far from assured. Multiple factors, such as the lack of adoption across governments, market support for sprawl, the automobile's clinging dominance, and a paucity of techniques, could impair broad implementation. However, smart growth is sensible, broadly recognized, and fortuitously timed, and its proponents have learned from the miscues of its historical antecedents.     

Measuring the impact of community development block grant spending on urban neighborhoods

Abstract

Regression analysis of Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) spending in 17 large cities reveals strong statistical associations between spending from 1994 to 1996 and changes in three indicators of neighborhood conditions: the home purchase mortgage approval rate, the median amount of the home purchase loans originated, and the number of businesses. However, there is no consistent association between spending and indicators of subsequent neighborhood change unless CDBG spending is sufficiently spatially targeted that it exceeds a threshold of the sample mean expenditure and is measured relative to the number of poor residents. In addition, associations vary according to neighborhood trajectories before investment and changes in the local economy.

Nevertheless, even in the least hospitable contexts—highly concentrated neighborhood poverty, preexisting declines in home values, weak city job growth—our estimates are consistent with the hypothesis that above‐threshold CDBG spending produces significant neighborhood improvements. We discuss the implications for such spatially targeted spending and connections between our work and the emerging literature on the dynamics of poor neighborhoods.     

吉林省数字农业赋能乡村振兴之考量

数字农业是乡村振兴战略的重要发力点.以数字化引领农业农村现代化,能够让乡村振兴有"智"更有"质".吉林省在数字农业发展上已取得了一定的成效,但农业农村数字化发展仍总体滞后,城乡数字化发展不均衡、项目规划脱离实际、科技创新成果转化难等问题依然存在.新时期,吉林省应抓住产业数字化、数字产业化赋予的机遇,加快推进数字农业建设...     

振兴吉林老工业基地与治安保障研究

吉林的公安机关、治安管理部门要使治安管理工作更快、更好地适应振兴吉林这一战略的需要,应加快、加大改革的步伐,切实担负起维护社会长治久安、保障人民安居乐业的重大责任。从解决“大治安”的问题入手,改革现有治安管理警务运行模式,增强大局意识、忧患意识和责任意识,建立灵敏、高效的预警机制,牢牢把握工作主动权,进一步扎实推进“平安吉林”建设．全力以赴做好维护社会稳定的各项工作,为振兴吉林老工业基地提供治安保障。为吉林的发展振兴保驾护航。     

发展私营经济是振兴东北老工业基地的重要抉择

振兴东北老工业基地离不开多种经济成分并存的经济制度 ,特别是离不开私营经济的支持。在非公有制经济中 ,私营经济极具代表性和典型性 ,对国企改革具有举足轻重的作用。发展私营经济 ,坚持和完善基本经济制度 ,是振兴东北老工业基地的重要抉择