中小企业关系型贷款定价行为研究--以江苏省某国有银行县级支行为例

本文运用关系型贷款理论,以江苏省某国有银行县级支行为例,对基层地区中小企业贷款定价的影响因素进行了实证分析.主要结论有:第一,在地方信贷市场上,关系对贷款定价具有明显的影响,且关系越久,贷款利率越高;第二,企业的其他贷款行越多,贷款利率就越高;第三,企业年龄、资产规模、速动比率以及抵押方式等对贷款定价均存在一定影响.在垄断性信贷市场上,与银行关系长久的企业可能遭遇较高的贷款利率.应积极促进地方信贷市场上的银行业竞争,并将国有银行地方分支机构的信贷决策权下放,以更好地服务于地方中小企业.     

Governing concept or political buzzword? Contested perceptions of local control

This article uses a perceptions-based framework to study how local governing actors define local control, and, to identify the determinants of definition alignment among local officials. A mix of survey and administrative data from Wisconsin officials is used to test nine hypotheses. The results indicate there is wide variation in how local government leaders define local control, and that alignment on the concept's meaning is predicted by ideology, perceived erosion of local control, and positional characteristics. The study concludes that local governments should incorporate a working definition of local control in planning and on-boarding processes in order to provide governing relevance to the concept.     

肠益康汤对脾虚泄泻小鼠肠道功能的保护作用

［摘要］目的 观察肠益康汤对脾虚动物肠道菌群失调及胃肠功能异常的调整作用。方法 用大黄诱导脾虚泄泻小鼠模型，连续灌胃给予肠益康汤14 d，采用镜检法测定肠道菌群水平，墨汁印迹法检测小肠推进率，电镜观察小肠黏膜。结果 与模型组比较，肠益康汤高、中、低剂量组小鼠双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量显著增加（P<0.05），肠益康高、中剂量组小鼠小肠碳末推进率显著降低（P<0.05），肠益康汤高、中、低剂量组小鼠小肠黏膜病理改变显著改善。结论 肠益康汤能调节肠道菌群紊乱，抑制脾虚小鼠肠推进功能亢进，并对大黄致脾虚小鼠小肠黏膜的病理改变也有一定的保护作用。     

印俄高度军备依赖关系生成机制探究

依赖关系可以出现从轻微依赖、中度依赖到高度依赖等不同程度的情景，是否存在供求关系、是否涉及关键资源、能否承担转换成本是判断国家间依赖程度高低的三个标准。印度和俄罗斯之间的军备合作达到了一种高度依赖的关系，这种关系并不是自然产生的，而是伴随着俄罗斯作为资源供应国采取的主动锁定策略生成并得到强化。通过“展示—供应—刺激—捆绑”这一系列主动锁定策略，俄罗斯逐步强化了印度对其军备供应的高度依赖，也使其国防发展模式和作战理念深深烙上了俄罗斯的印记。在军备依赖的强化过程中，印俄关系得到积极巩固和深入发展，但印度的战略灵活性也同时受到了损害，使印度处于机会主义风险中。当前印俄军备贸易过程中的摩擦、国际军备出口市场竞争的加剧、美印军事关系的发展等因素都不同程度地影响着印俄锁定依赖的稳定性。     

Are European Elections Second-Order Elections for Everyone?

Second-order election (SOE) theory has been used to explain voting behaviour in European elections. Voters believe that less is at stake in some elections and some voters hence tend to cast a protest vote. However, most studies on the topic have focused on the demand side of SOEs – i.e. on the voters – and have ignored or only partially tackled the supply side – i.e. the strategic behaviour of parties – and excluded small and marginal parties (SMPs). However, SMPs may have greater incentive to seriously compete in SOEs. The 2019 European Parliament elections in Germany were particularly interesting to SMPs as there was no voting threshold, thereby increasing the chances of SMPs. To capture whether SMPs view European elections as first-order elections and therefore expend more resources than parliamentary parties on these elections, I analysed campaign expenditures and manifestos. Results indicate that SMPs act within a rational actor framework, though not unequivocally.     

纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定治疗上肢关节周围骨折

目的 观察纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定治疗肩、肘、腕关节周围骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,对1976-2010年2 800例肩、肘、腕关节周围骨折患者,采用传统中医手法整复,纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定,功能锻炼的方法治疗.采用国家中医药管理局制定的<中医病证诊断疗效标准>来评价疗效.结果 肱骨外科颈骨折组、肱...