国际信托的法律冲突与法律适用

在各国法律制度存在差异的情况下,如何解决国际信托法律冲突的难题,已逐渐引起世界各国理论界和实务界的重视。对国际信托法律冲突问题进行探讨的目的在于,就国际信托法律适用的国际立法与国外立法作深入研究。随着我国加入WTO和改革开放的不断深入,国际信托业务在我国将取得进一步发展。我国目前的国际私法立法尚无信托冲突法,因此,完善我国的国际信托法律适用规则是当务之急。     

海峡两岸背信罪比较研究

《海峡两岸共同打击犯罪及司法互助协议》以列举的方式明确了海峡两岸共同打击的犯罪行为,但两岸对协议中涉及的背信罪行为在刑法的罪名形式、内容表达以及行为的刑罚可责性上都有诸多差异。与台湾“刑法”规定的背信罪行为相较,大陆法律在此行为上存在多种不同性质的法律规制。为使两岸在该行为上的司法互助得以利益均衡,实现两岸对背信行为司法互助的最佳路径是：以台湾背信罪所指涉的行为为准,比较大陆刑法规范对这些行为的法律处置,形成与台湾背信罪行为相同质的多个罪名进行司法互助;大陆未形成刑事处置之台湾背信罪行为则通过个案协商解决。     

论政府信任关系的秩序功能——读张康之教授《行政伦理的观念与视野》

秩序的供给是政府的基本职能。在分析社会的秩序需求时,会发现政府信任关系与秩序模式之间的关联性。在《行政伦理的观念与视野》一书中,张康之教授在历史的坐标中把人类以及政府的信任关系划分为习俗型、契约型和合作型,认为在习俗型信任关系的基础上所造就的是权力秩序,在契约型信任关系的基础上则造就出了法律秩序,正在成长中的合作型信任关系将成为合作秩序得以确立的基础。习俗型和契约型的政府信任关系以及与之相关联的权力秩序、法律秩序反映在各自的社会治理过程中,是以社会隔离的方式去强化社会的异质性的,它们分别反映出了制度的理性危机和道德缺失。合作型政府信任关系将扬弃既往所有的外在秩序追求,为确立一种有机性的、内在于人的和谐秩序提供支持。     

东亚海上战略互信机制问题研究

当前东亚海上安全环境复杂多变,东亚海上安全局势受各种域内外因素影响不断加剧,形成海上安全困局的主要症结在于东亚各国之间缺乏信任基础。为了有效化解东亚地区海上矛盾争端,必须构建东亚海上战略互信机制,求取东亚各方之间海上利益的最大公约数,从而达成消除隔阂、降低风险、和谐共赢的海上安全局面。     

金融信托“刚性兑付”风险的法律控制

金融信托"刚性兑付"是信托机构采用隐性担保的方式对投资人承诺到期兑付的经济现象,它是受托人信义义务缺失、立法体系不健全导致的市场行为。它不但打破了风险与收益的平衡理论,与信托财产独立性与合同公平原则相背离,还大大阻碍了信托业的整体运行,应当予以规制。剖析目前我国信托业面临的兑付困境,必须要从完善现有法律规定和积极制定新法入手,规范信托公示登记制度,加快受托人责任体系,建立完备的信托业监管体系,从而达到防范我国信托业法律风险的目的。     

Police recruits and perceptions of trust in diverse groups

Trust is critical in ensuring public co-operation with police and in turn building police legitimacy. Trust has been regarded as especially critical when police have sought to develop more positive interactions with diverse groups. Understanding how police officers perceive others and how this shapes trust in members of diverse groups is still developing. This study contributes valuable information regarding police perceptions of trust in minority group members; an area under-researched in policing studies, particularly in an Australian context. To understand how police recruit perceptions of socialization, interaction, and living and work choices affects their perceptions of trust in diverse groups of people, data were collected from a population of Police Recruits and Protective Service Officers (N = 1609) during pre-service awareness training. These were used in a Stepwise OLS model to ascertain opinions of trust in people distinguished by diverse identities. The results show socializing, and experiencing positive interaction whilst socializing with people from diverse groups, and the age of the participants, has a significant impact on the perceptions of trust police recruits have in members of diverse groups. However, this may not be enough to uphold positive levels of trust over time.     

Does User Co-Production of Public Service Delivery Increase Satisfaction and Trust? Evidence From a Vignette Experiment

Whereas it is assumed that involving users in the delivery of public services yields more positive evaluations of those services, this study shows that levels of satisfaction and trust are not necessarily positively affected by such user co-production. An experimental vignette design among students (n = 174) is used to analyze the differences concerning trust and satisfaction between co-produced and non-co-produced public services. In some cases, the results suggest, co-production actually leads to less satisfaction and trust. This might be explained by the self-serving bias, which states that co-producers take credit for success but blame service providers for failure.     

Trust in the world of cybercrime

For cybercriminals, the anonymity of the Internet offers not only opportunities but also challenges. Where one does not truly know whom one is doing business with, it makes it difficult to assess trustworthiness or to retaliate should dealings go sour and agreements need to be enforced. This creates a large deficit of trust, beyond even that common among conventional criminals, and makes cybercriminal transactions very unstable. As a result, it might be expected that cybercriminals would often act alone. But, in reality, cybercriminals collaborate quite widely. This is the puzzle that this article addresses. In order to overcome the major challenges of online anonymity, and to capitalise on its benefits, cybercriminals have developed a range of mechanisms that buttress trust. These include mechanisms relating to (1) establishing cybercriminal identities; (2) assessing cybercriminal attributes; and (3) extra-legal governance.     

The fraying of the socio‐economic fabric of Hong Kong

Abstract

Since the 1980s, Hong Kong has undergone momentous socio‐economic changes, which in turn have greatly affected public attitudes toward society and the economy. Interpersonal trust and the sense of community have weakened. Hong Kong as a society is increasingly seen as unfair in the sense that it is not perceived as a land of opportunities for the hardworking. The capitalist rules of the game are increasingly considered by the people to be unacceptable. Public demands for more governmental intervention in the economy, particularly in the area of income redistribution, are increasingly raised. Nascent feelings of class antagonism are palpable as economic inequalities are getting worse. As social conflicts of various kinds proliferate, public anxieties about Hong Kong's fraying socio‐economic fabric have come to the fore. People expect the government and the legal institutions to strengthen social order. At the same time, however, public trust of all social, economic and social authorities is declining. Accordingly, as social discontent and anxieties accumulate, the socio‐economic system of Hong Kong will face serious challenge in the years ahead.     

为什么人们批评管制又不愿放弃管制?——基于信任层面的解释

从世界范围来看,人们经常批评政府管制容易滋生腐败以及给经济带来大量的低效率.然而,在现实中,人们似乎都不愿意放弃管制.本文从信任如何形成管制偏好的角度解释了人们不愿意放弃管制的原因.经济中的个体要求管制可能是为了回避或应对市场失灵所导致的欺诈;对他人的更多信任能够降低人们对管制的需求,对他人的更多不信任则会增加人们对管制的偏好.本文运用世界价值观察(WVS)的数据,经验研究支持了上述结论.