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61.
谢冬慧 《南京大学法律评论》2014,(1):137-153
弱势群体是一个社会当中相对脆弱的群体。在民国社会特定的背景之下,灾荒逃民、战乱流民、失业游民及老幼病残等人构成了民国社会的弱势群体,他们的生存状态堪忧,严重影响了当时的社会稳定。对此,民国政府作出了必的回应,采取措施,开展立法,建立机构,与社会民众一道共同推进弱势群体保护事业,确保社会稳定发展。民国政府在开展弱势群体保护的过程中,表现出保护对象的广泛性、救济措施的主动性、政府民间的合力性等特色,值得当下的我们进一步考察和分析。 相似文献
62.
This article examines the well-documented relationship between early initiation or onset of criminal behavior and a heightened
risk of involvement in offending. Previous research examining this question conducted by Nagin and Farrington (Criminology
30:235–260, 1992a; Criminology 30:501–523, 1992b) used data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development and found that: (1) onset age was correlated with offending
involvement; and (2) the correlation could be explained by stable individual differences in the propensity to offend rather
than a causal effect of early onset age. In this study, similar analytic methods are applied to data from the Second Philadelphia
Birth Cohort. This data set consists of all 13,160 males born in Philadelphia in 1958 who resided in the city continuously
from ages 10 to 18, slightly more than half of whom were non-white. Information from each of the youths was collected from
schools, juvenile justice agencies, other official sources and surveys. In a model that mimics previous analyses, we initially
found that an early age of onset is associated with greater subsequent involvement in delinquent behavior. When unobserved
criminal propensity was controlled, however, we found that a late rather than an early onset of delinquency was related to
future offending. In finding a state dependent effect for age of onset, our findings are contrary to propensity theory in
criminology. In finding that it is late rather early onset which puts youth at risk for future offending, our findings are
contrary to developmental/life course theory. Our results are more compatible with traditional criminological theory that
is friendly to state dependence processes, though they too have not to date articulated why a late onsetting of offending
might be particularly criminogenic.
Sarah Bacon is an Assistant Professor in the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland. Her research interests focus on quantitative methods, testing criminological theory, and capital punishment. This paper is an extension of work conducted for her M.A. thesis at the University of Maryland. Raymond Paternoster is Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland and Faculty Affiliate of the Maryland Population Research Center, College Park, Maryland. He received his Ph.D. from Florida State University. His research interests focus on testing criminological theory, the relationship between events in adolescence and delinquency, and capital punishment. Robert Brame is Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland. His current research interests focus on domestic violence, the use of criminal records for screening purposes, linkages between adolescent employment and criminal behavior, and capital punishment. 相似文献
Raymond PaternosterEmail: |
Sarah Bacon is an Assistant Professor in the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland. Her research interests focus on quantitative methods, testing criminological theory, and capital punishment. This paper is an extension of work conducted for her M.A. thesis at the University of Maryland. Raymond Paternoster is Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland and Faculty Affiliate of the Maryland Population Research Center, College Park, Maryland. He received his Ph.D. from Florida State University. His research interests focus on testing criminological theory, the relationship between events in adolescence and delinquency, and capital punishment. Robert Brame is Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland. His current research interests focus on domestic violence, the use of criminal records for screening purposes, linkages between adolescent employment and criminal behavior, and capital punishment. 相似文献
63.
走出决定论因果观的阴影 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国家侵权赔偿因果关系的理解应当走出决定论因果观的阴影。哲学因果描述不仅有决定论描述,还有概率论描述。法律因果追问不是对客观、必然、本质联系的探索。国家怠于履行职责侵权因果关系的判断应当打断决定论的强大心理惯性,向普通人的因果观念求解。 相似文献
64.
在中国农村社会 ,大量的村落法在实际上发挥着重要的作用 ,国家法以“法治”名义强行介入乡村是困难的 ,两者之间呈现出一种复杂深沉的张力 ,这是中国法治现代化进程中不可回避的现实问题。法学工作者应该放宽“法律”的视界 ,深入乡野 ,关注法运行的实然性 ,寻找真正解决问题的方法 相似文献
65.
Lila Kazemian David P. Farrington Marc Le Blanc 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):384-400
This study consists of a comparative analysis of patterns of de-escalation between ages 17–18 and 32, based on data from two
well-known prospective longitudinal studies, the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (a study of 411 working-class males
in London) and the Montreal Two Samples Longitudinal Study (a sample of 470 adjudicated French-Canadian males). Analyses focus
on within-individual change, with individuals serving as their own controls. In this regard, the magnitude of measured change
is relative to the past degree of involvement in offending. These results are contrasted with predictors of between-individual
differences in offending behavior at age 32. We investigate the respective roles of cognitive predispositions and social bonds
in the prediction of patterns of de-escalation, and assess whether it is possible to make relatively long-term predictions
(over a 15-year period) about offending in adulthood. Findings suggest that traditional measures of social bonds and cognitive
predispositions measured at age 17–18 are generally weak predictors of de-escalation up to age 32. However, these measures
are stronger predictors of between-individual differences in offending gravity. These findings highlight the difficulties
in making accurate long-term predictions about changes in individual offending patterns early in the criminal career.
Lila Kazemian is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She received her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include life-course and developmental research, desistance from crime, comparative criminology, and offender reentry. David P. Farrington Farrington is a professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Cambridge. His research interests include criminal career research, juvenile delinquency, violent offending, and crime prevention. Marc Le Blanc is an emeritus professor in the Department of Psychoeducation at Université de Montréal. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Université de Montréal. His research interests include criminological theory, longitudinal research, juvenile justice, and intervention among juvenile delinquents. 相似文献
Marc Le BlancEmail: |
Lila Kazemian is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She received her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include life-course and developmental research, desistance from crime, comparative criminology, and offender reentry. David P. Farrington Farrington is a professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Cambridge. His research interests include criminal career research, juvenile delinquency, violent offending, and crime prevention. Marc Le Blanc is an emeritus professor in the Department of Psychoeducation at Université de Montréal. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Université de Montréal. His research interests include criminological theory, longitudinal research, juvenile justice, and intervention among juvenile delinquents. 相似文献
66.
建设与我国社会主义市场经济和我国经济社会全面健康发展相适应的道德体系,不但要提出系统的道德规范,而且要使这些道德规范通过各种渠道深入人心,由外在的规范转换为内在的良心,使社会舆论与道德良心相互呼应,相互映照。这种道德规范的转变和深入人心,靠什么?靠先进文化。这对于坚定民众的理想信念,塑造正确的人生观、价值观,提高道德觉悟至关重要。 相似文献
67.
职务犯罪主体包括自然人主体和单位主体两种。从现行法律规定看,职务犯罪自然人主体包括国家机关工作人员、以国家工作人员论的人员和受委托从事公务的人员三类。在司法实践中,对此三类人员的认定存在较大的分歧,尤其是其中对以国家工作人员论的人员的认定争议最大。 相似文献
68.
《中华人民共和国民法典》在知识产权领域全面引入了惩罚性赔偿制度。而针对之前商标领域的实证研究却发现,因为在直接公共规制与间接公共规制两种手段之间的选择,知识产权保护与消费维权的情况并不相同,惩罚性赔偿制度在知识产权领域不能得到广泛适用。从国家治理现代化的视角出发,将惩罚性赔偿进行类型化研究并细分为报应性损害赔偿和威慑性损害赔偿两种,并主张由一元选择模式转为二元选择模式,可以回应关于追求报应正义还是矫正正义的原点争论。而借鉴国外经验,并运用新比较经济学中的制度可能性边界模型对知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度的类型化进行阐释,能够说明知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度对直接、间接两种规制手段的依赖关系,进而形成审理不同类型知识产权惩罚性赔偿案件的裁判逻辑,且实现在知识产权保护中的利益平衡。 相似文献
69.
Yi Zhao Xiaojuan Yao Yifan Li Chengjian Chen Dan Guo Zhangping Jiao Zhipan Yang Zailiang Yu Wanshan Ma Qingxia Zhang 《Science & justice》2021,61(3):260-270
Y-STR is widely used in sexual assaults and familial searches of suspects. Here, we reported a novel 38-plex STR genotyping system designed for forensic applications. Microreader? Y Prime Plus ID System (YPP) amplifies 38 loci in one reaction, including 29 loci from commonly used Yfiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit & PowerPlex® Y23 System (DYS393, DYS570, DYS19, DYS392, DYS549, Y GATA H4, DYS460, DYS458, DYS481, DYS635, DYS448, DYS533, DYS449, DYS456, DYS389I, DYS390, DYS389Ⅱ, DYS438, DYS391, DYS439, DYS437, DYS385a/b, DYS643, DYS518, DYS576, DYF387S1a/b, and DYS627), 6 commonly used loci for the Y-STR database (DYS444, DYS447, DYS596, DYF404a/b, DYS527a/b, DYS557) and one Y-indel specific for the Chinese population. YPP is designed for different types of samples, such as blood card and swabs. In this work, YPP was validated following SWGDAM guidelines (2016) and guidelines from Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China, including PCR-based, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, mixture, stability and inhibitor, and species specificity. The results indicate that the Microreader? Y Prime Plus ID System is a powerful identification kit designed for forensic databases. 相似文献
70.
School clusters have been adopted as an education policy by most Asian countries since the 1960s. In Cambodia, primary schools have been organised in clusters since 1993. Clusters were considered a mechanism for quality improvements of education and a way to facilitate sharing and interaction between schools. Primary school clusters have been partially successful. Today there is a growing interest among Cambodian policymakers for integrating primary schools (Grades 1–6) and lower secondary schools (Grades 7–9). This article provides a policy suggestion by arguing for extending the cluster mechanism to these integrated basic education schools with all grades from 1 to 9. 相似文献