后危机时代商业银行信用风险管理研究——基于风险一收益均衡控制视角

后危机时代经济运行态势的不确定性对银行业的信用风险管理体系提出了新的挑战。商业银行要主动研究新能源、新技术、新产业市场拓展问题，培育新兴信贷市场，加快信贷结构调整来应对信贷大投放后的信贷业务持续发展，并研究在经济周期下行压力下企业及其关联方风险承受能力的状况，提升信贷风险识别和风险计量水平，创新信贷定价模式，优化经济资本配置。     

作为一个偶然地区性事件的正当程序革命

沃伦1953年被任命为美国联邦最高法院大法官是一个普通的政治任命。正当程序革命是一个意外进入的时代。沃伦法院成员都是普通公民,而绝非圣贤。在美国深深的卷入越战的大背景下,美国国内兴起了浩大的民权运动。沃伦法院在刑事领域的正当程序革命和当时的时势互相借力,将六十年代演化为一个革命时代。中国刑事诉讼改革以正当程序革命为精神激励,圣化沃伦革命,意在矫枉过正,但可能带来逆向的反弹。     

收回死刑复核权面临的难题及其破解

It is of great significance for the Supreme Court of China (SCC) to take back the power of having judicial review for death sentences. For that purpose, first, we have to amend the procedures for judicial review for death sentences, including precisely defining the responsibility of the SCC to review death sentences, determining appropriate modes of review, prescribing the time limit of review, allowing the participation of defense lawyers and prosecutors, etc. Second, we must also amend the appellate procedures for capital cases, including holding hearings, comprehensive trial of key cases, and adjusting the time limit for the second instance. Third, we must improve relative systems that can directly affect the trial quality of capital cases, including the improvement of evidentiary rules, the reform of judicial committees, and the forbiddance to change an original sentence into a death sentence. Long Zongzhi, professor, chairs the academic commission at Southwestern University of Politics and Law. Meanwhile, he takes the vice chair of the supervising committee of legal education in the Ministry of Education of China. He advanced the theory of dual structure of criminal litigation in early 1990s and put forward the theory of relative reasonableness in late 1990s, which exerted great influence in academic law. Moreover, he has published a great number of works on criminal litigation, judicial system, and evidence law.     

Race-Based Peremptory Challenges: An Empirical Analysis of Litigation from the U.S. Court of Appeals, 2002–2006

This paper examines race-based peremptory challenges. Such challenges occur during the voir dire jury selection process. The process allows both the defense and the prosecution to strike jurors who they believe will not decide cases fairly. However, in the case of Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled that race could not be used as a factor in eliminating prospective jurors. This paper examines federal litigation for five years in which it was alleged that race was used as a factor in removing a juror. An examination of the cases revealed that most of the cases involved sole male litigants who allege that there were multiple race-based peremptory challenges used in their cases. Moreover, most of the cases that led to the allegations involved violent offenses. Other case characteristics are noted, but of most significance was the finding that most appellants lost their cases. As such, the courts felt that most of the challenges were, in fact, race neutral. The implications of this research are discussed. This study was funded by an undergraduate research grant from Penn State University.     

Toxicological analysis after asphyxial suicide with helium and a plastic bag

A 23-year-old man was found on a raised hide in lying position, the head wrapped in a plastic bag connected with a helium gas cylinder by a polypropylene tube. The autopsy did not show any specific findings nor did the routine toxicological analysis reveal significant information regarding the cause of death (BAC 0.9 mg/g, diphenhydramine 0.81 μg/ml in heart serum). For the detection of helium in the lungs, gas samples from both lungs were collected by a method ensuring minimal dilution. Gas analyses were performed using a GC–MS with a split–splitless injector and a headspace syringe. As carrier gas the commonly used helium was replaced by nitrogen. Helium was found in clearly elevated concentrations in gas samples from both lungs. Therefore, suffocation by breathing helium enriched, and thus oxygen deficient atmosphere, can strongly be assumed as the cause of death.     

法槌下的正当程序

目前行政法学界对于行政程序的研究,多侧重于理论层面的讨论和构建,走的是一条以立法为导向的研究范式;同时对域外经验的过分关注,使学者们忽视了本土行政法实践中所发生的诸多变革。为此,本文将对行政程序研究的关注点放在我国的司法实践上,通过对个案的研读,来发掘实践中法官对于正当程序的态度以及正当程序在法官判决中的演变;通过对法官判决的制度性效应的观察,思考法官对正当程序在我国的传播和发展中的推动作用。     

行政判决·行政判例·行政判例法——一种比较的视角

行政判决有三种形态第一种表现为正式的法源,是一种正式的法律规范,称之为“行政判例法”;第二种虽非正式的法源,却具有实质意义上的约束力,在现实中发挥着和法律规范相同的作用,可称之为“行政判例”;第三种行政判决,既非正式的法源也不具备实质意义上的约束力,可称之为“行政案例”。中国需要建构具有自身特色的行政判例制度,这种建构应该借鉴大陆法系的经验,以行政判例模式为蓝本,走一条介于行政案例和行政判例法之间的中间路线。     

不可撤销具体行政行为研究——确认违法判决适用情形之局限及补正

不可撤销具体行政行为的理论基础是行政行为的合法性评价与有效性评价的可分性以及效力的相对性与可分性,包括效力评价不可能的具体行政行为和效力评价无必要的具体行政行为。它是确认违法判决的适用对象,但现行有关确认违法判决适用情形的规定存在较大的局限性,如“不具有可撤销内容”表述的不科学性,“公共利益”规定的武断性,且忽视了个人利益遭受重大损失的可能性。应根据不可撤销具体行政行为理论修改完善有关规定。     

立法后评估主体制度刍议——以地方行政立法后评估为范本

立法后评估是了解立法效果,提高立法水平的重要手段,评估主体制度是其中一项重要内容。通过对制度设计原则、主体分类的研究,以及国内外实践的比较,我国应当将立法机关确立为地方行政立法后评估的评估单位,并科学设定后评估的参与者,以确保立法后评估达成预期效果。     

欧洲法院的司法独立性对欧洲一体化进程的贡献

半个世纪以来,欧洲一体化进程的实践证明,经济一体化、政治一体化的实现都离不开统一的欧洲法律体系的建设。欧洲法院司法实践证明,在欧洲一体化进程中,欧洲法院司法独立的作用功不可没。文章从分析欧洲法院的特点入手阐述其司法独立性及其在欧洲一体化进程中的作用。