系统论视野中法律与大众媒体的关系

法律与大众媒体的关系问题是全面推进依法治国背景下重要的理论问题和实践问题,但目前尚未形成有说服力的结论。若过分强调两者的分立可能导致新闻管制或媒体权力滥用,若过于强调两者的融合则可能影响司法公正。在系统论视野下,法律与大众媒体具有同质性,两者分别按照各自的纲要分配自身所特有的符码,各自建构具有不同意义的“事实”及其评价。法律与大众媒体作为独立运作的功能子系统,彼此之间既非分立也非融合,而是存在不可避免的激扰关系,且部分激扰关系被结构化并以“论题”的形式构成“结构耦合”关系。因此,法律只有立足于自身,坚守司法公正并不断实现司法统一,才有可能既保障新闻自由又能抵御大众媒体中各类论题与意见的冲击,才有可能稳定社会成员普遍的规范性行为预期。     

邻避型群体性事件的实例分析与对策研究——以北京市为例

邻避型群体性事件是都市冲突的重要形式,在境外发达城市屡见不鲜,相关研究也日臻完善。随着中国境内城市化进程的加快,以北京为代表的一些大型城市也出现了此起彼伏的邻避冲突事件,但与此不相匹配的是境内有关研究才刚刚起步,并且主要是拿来主义,往往导致对策建议"水土不服"。为此,我们以北京为例,对近年来首都发生的邻避型群体性事件进行了调研,通过比较成功与失败的案例,初步形成了一些本土化的经验。     

关于完善我国行政监督机制的思考

行政监督是现代行政管理的重要环节,加强行政监督需要从强化人大监督机制、增强行政内部监督职能、健全行政监督法律机制、完善群众监督机制等方面来完善行政监督机制。     

Handling of inspired vaporized ethanol in the airways and lungs (with comments on forensic aspects)

Collections of expired air and chemical determinations of ethanol concentrations in inspired and expired air showed that during prolonged inspiration of ethanol (vapour)-containing air about 55% was absorbed by adult human subjects. The fractional absorption was not detectably affected by variations in tidal volume (0.7-2.1 liters), nor was it significantly reduced in experiments where, due to preceding oral intake, the ethanol concentration of systemic blood was up to 50 times higher than that of inspired air. In these experiments the difference between the rates of change in blood alcohol concentration (beta 60) during and before ethanol inhalation agreed well with values calculated from measured respiratory absorptions. Mass spectrometric recordings of ethanol concentration in expired air vs. expired volume, taken in a state of steady uptake, also gave absorption fractions of about 0.55, and showed that the concentration in end-expiratory air did not fall below some 30% of that of the inspired air. These and other findings show that a large part of ethanol being inspired is deposited in the airway linings to be released again to ethanol-free alveolar air expired through the airways. It is concluded that inspired ethanol deserves consideration as a source of elevations of blood alcohol concentrations.     

大型文体活动中安全保卫人员的心理应激与心理干预

文章对大型群体事件中安全保卫人员在突发事件情境下的心理应激进行深入剖析,并针对这种应激特点,提出心理干预策略。     

提高维稳工作水平增强公安机关处警能力

我国正处在社会转型、体制转轨的历史阶段,各类社会矛盾纠纷进入活跃期和高发期,并成为当前影响社会稳定与发展的主要因素.因此,探讨新时期如何提高维稳工作水平以及增强公安机关处警能力,便成为当前乃至今后行政司法机关在维护社会稳定中必须面临的重要课题.     

涉众型经济犯罪之特征、成因及防控措施

涉众型经济犯罪是近年来我国经济领域中呈高发态势的犯罪类型之一。该类犯罪以涉案范围广、涉案数额巨大为典型特征,极大地侵害和威胁了我国的经济秩序和社会稳定。分析其特征、成因及采取相应的防控措施,是时下构建和谐社会题中应有之意。     

Ten methods for calculating the uncertainty of measurement

While forensic laboratories are coming under increasing pressure to provide meaningful estimates of measurement uncertainty, there has been little discussion of this topic in the literature. This article summarizes ten bases for estimating this parameter: (1) proficiency tests; (2) readability limits; (3) independent reference materials; (4) operational limits applied during calibration; (5) expert judgment; (6) precision control samples without (6) and with (7) contributions from extramural sources of error; (8) error budgets; (9) historical performance; and (10) ruggedness tests. Based on the assumptions underlying each approach, the forensic community will need to apply a variety of discipline-specific approaches to arrive at satisfactory estimates of measurement uncertainty.     

“Opt in” and “opt out” mechanisms in the internet era – towards a common theory

In order to provide for adequate legal protection mainly in mass-transactions on the internet, both the legislature and private parties increasingly, resort to so-called “opt in” and “opt out” mechanisms. Whether or not an “opt in” or an “opt out” mechanism is used is often decided on a case-by-case basis. The same is true regarding the circumstances under which private parties are or should be allowed to resort to “opt out” mechanisms, and if so, what restrictions should safeguard the free will of the addressees of such mechanisms. This paper argues that the existing “opt in” and “opt out” schemes should not be regarded and discussed as isolated phenomena. Rather, they should be analyzed from the viewpoint of a common underlying legal theory which builds on the common character of the underlying regulatory structure of all “opt in” and “opt out” schemes. This requires a complex matrix which comprises not only the opposites of “in” and “out”, but also of “active” and “inactive”, of “preference” and “non-preference” for the respective default rules, as well as of “ex ante” and “ex post” enforcement of the law. It also involves normative, economic, psychological and, last but not least, technical issues.     

论情报信息在预防和处置群体性事件中的主导性作用

情报信息在预防和处置群体性事件中具有超前预警、决策依据、处置导向和防止反复等作用,各级政府相关职能部门要提高认识,通过改进工作方法、加强保障等途径有效发挥情报信息在预防和处置群体性事件中的主导性作用。