The European Union's human security discourse: where are we now?

The language of human security has been prominent in the European Union's (EU) official discourse for a number of years. However, whilst it has been promoted as a new approach for the EU in the development of its security and defence policy, the aim of this article is to assess the extent to which it actually features in the EU's contemporary strategic discourse and practice. It seeks to uncover where and how the concept is spoken within the EU's institutional milieu, how it is understood by the relevant policy-makers in the EU and the implication of this across key areas of human security practice. It is argued in the article that human security has not been embedded as the driving strategic concept for Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) in an era of crisis and change in Europe and beyond and that the prospects for this materialising in the near future are rather thin.     

Confronting Religion: Veiled Witnesses,the Right to a Fair Trial and the Supreme Court of Canada's Judgment in R v N.S.

The Supreme Court of Canada's decision in R v N.S. is significant because the majority seems to endorse an understanding of confrontation that assumes a defendant's right to a fair trial is imperilled by a witness who seeks to give evidence while wearing the niqab. The case is of interest because it permits reflection upon the interrelationship between the right to a fair trial and the right to confront witnesses enshrined in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Given that the European Court of Human Rights conceptualises confrontation in epistemic terms, it is argued that it would be unlikely to find that a conviction based upon evidence from a niqab‐wearing witness would infringe the right to a fair trial. This note examines the value of demeanour evidence and whether the majority in R v N.S. was correct that the abrogation of the ability to assess demeanour evidence necessarily undermines trial fairness.     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中Ⅱ型大麻素受体的表达

目的观察皮肤切创愈合过程中CB2R表达变化的时问规律性。方法 健康小鼠50只,随机分为10组,建立皮肤切创模型,应用免疫组织化学技术及Westernbloting方法检测切创后不同时间段小鼠背部正中皮肤CB2R的表达。结果免疫组织化学结果显示,对照组CB2R表达于表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺、皮肌层、血管平滑肌、神经纤维外膜及神经纤维束束膜;伤后6h损伤区及周边区多核粒细胞少量表达CB2R,12～24h以单个核细胞阳性表达为主,3d以单个核细胞和梭形成纤维细胞表达为主,5～14d以梭形成纤维细胞为主。CB2R阳性细胞率于0h～3d逐渐升高,5d达最高峰,随后逐渐下降。经Westernblotting检测显示,对照及各个损伤时间段都有CB2R阳性条带,其中5d为CB2R表达高峰。结论小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,CB2R于损伤区及周边区多核粒细胞、单个核细胞、梭形成纤维细胞中表达,并具有规律性,提示CB2R可能参与皮肤损伤愈合,并可用于皮肤损伤时间的推断。     

困境与出路：中国法中的“转租收入”留置权——以《中华人民共和国海商法》第141条为视角的解释论

《中华人民共和国海商法》第141条规定的出租人对承租人转租船舶收入的＂留置权＂,由于缺乏＂占有＂要件而无法有效成立。借鉴英国法经验,提出这一权利在中国法中是一种特别法下的＂债权让与＂行为,应适用《中华人民共和国合同法》的相关规定。租船合同中的＂留置权条款＂应解释为承租人作为让与人,将收取转租合同下的运费或租金之债权转让给作为受让人的出租人,出租人得向次承租人发出支付转租运费或租金的通知,以清偿承租人原合同下所欠付的租金。在债权＂二重让与＂的情形下,中国宜采纳＂通知对抗主义＂的立法模式,即以向债务人发出通知的时间来确定何者取得债权。     

Die Genossenschaftswohnung in der Exekution

Nachdem der OGH bereits in zwei Entscheidungen die Verwertung eines Kleingartenhauses und einer Genossenschaftswohnung im Konkurs trotz § 5 Abs 4 KO gebilligt hatte, hat er nunmehr in einer neuen Entscheidung die Verwertung einer Genossenschaftswohnung im Exekutionsverfahren – wenn auch mit Einschr?nkungen – für zul?ssig erkl?rt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Entscheidung vor und untersucht einige sich hier stellende Folgeprobleme.