现场生物斑迹遗留时间推断研究进展

就现场提取的生物检材而言,我们除了需要准确获得DNA STR分型进行个体识别和亲子鉴定,还希望能够通过技术手段获知其遗留时间、空间定位等更多信息。本文以血迹为主要研究对象,就国内外采用光学、细胞生物学、分子生物学等方法推断生物斑迹遗留时间进行总结,并对法医微生物学这一法庭科学新领域在时空线索推断中的应用做以介绍,为现场生物斑迹遗留时间推断研究提供参考。     

PCR-STR分型技术在尿样DNA分型中的应用

目的　对尿样的DNA分型进行研究。　方法　 10份尿样随机收集于无关个体 ,同时采集血液样本做DNA分型对照 ,用PCR -STR分型技术对尿样DNA进行FIBRA和D18S5 35基因座分型。　结果　 10份尿样 10ml、1ml及 0 .2ml体积均获得准确的分型结果 ,且与同一个体的血样DNA分型结果完全相同 ;室温储存 4天及 4℃保存 4周的尿样均分型成功。　结论PCR -STR分型技术对尿样DNA分型是一种有效的方法 ,在尿样的个人识别中具有极高的实用价值。     

Application of solvent microextraction to the analysis of amphetamines and phencyclidine in urine

A fast and simple method to detect some commonly abused illicit drugs, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylendioxy-amphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylendioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylendioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA) and phencyclidine (PCP) in urine using solvent microextraction (SME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) analysis has been developed. The extraction is conducted by suspending a 2 μl drop of chloroform in a 2 ml urine sample. Following 8 min of extraction, the organic solvent is withdrawn into the syringe and injected into a GC with a pulsed discharge helium ionization detector (PDHID).The effects of different extraction solvents and times, pH and sample preparation were studied. The optimized method was capable of detecting drugs in urine at concentrations below Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) established cut-off values for preliminary testing. Good linearity and reproducibility of extraction were obtained. The limits of detection were 0.5 μg/ml for amphetamine, 0.1 μg/ml for methamphetamine and MDA, 0.05 μg/ml for MDMA, 0.025 μg/ml for MDEA and 0.015 μg/ml for PCP. Relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values ranged between 5 and 20% for the studied drugs.     

阿片类成瘾者血清、尿中吗啡TLCS分析

建立阿片类成瘾者血清、尿液中吗啡的薄层色谱扫描 (TCLS)定量检测方法。样品经酸、碱性水解后调至pH9,氯仿 /异丙醇 ( 9∶1)萃取及GDX 40 3柱固相萃取 ,在紫外区可见光区薄层扫描。测得 3种萃取方法吗啡回收率分别为 75 3 %± 4 9% ,80 9%± 3 2 %和 79 4%± 3 5 % ,血清、尿中吗啡最低检出浓度分别为 0 1μg·ml-1,0 0 5 μg·ml-1(信噪比≥ 3 )。本法可用于阿片类药物成瘾者或中毒者血、尿中吗啡的检测。     

DPX-GC/MS法分析尿液中新精神活性物质二苯基乙基哌啶

目的 建立一种枪头式分散固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法,分析尿液中的二苯基乙基哌啶.方法 对影响萃取效果的吸附树脂种类、淋洗液种类、洗脱液种类和洗脱液用量进行优化考察.结果 在最佳实验条件下,尿液中二苯基乙基哌啶的线性范围为0.02～1.0 mg/L,相关系数r2>0.99,检出限为0.005mg/L,回收率在76.7％～...