Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Alcohol,Cigarette, and Marijuana Use During Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to increase the knowledge base of adolescent substance use by examining the influences of risk and protective factors for specific substance use, namely alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. Participants included 271 adolescents and their primary caregivers referred for mental health services across North Carolina. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions showed that the relative influences of risk and protective factors differed depending on the target substance in some cases. History of parental felony predicted use of all 3 substances, although the direction of association was substance specific. Parental behavioral control (how families express and maintain standards of behavior) was predictive only of cigarette and marijuana use, not alcohol use. The different links among risk factors, protective factors, and specific substance use are discussed, and recommendations for both mental health and substance use professionals are offered.She received her M.A. in Psychology from Wake Forest University and is currently a doctoral student in Clinical Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her major research interests include developmental pathways to aggressive behavior among females.An evaluator for the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, her major research interests include system of care intervention programming.She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from Purdue University. Her major research interests include developmental psychopathology and early intervention.His research interests focus on youth violence and youth involved with the juvenile justice system.She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests focus on early intervention with young children.     

Evidence of Atrocities or Atrocious Use of Evidence: The Controversial Use of Atrocity Film at Nuremberg

This article focuses upon the utilisation of film evidence in criminal proceedings. It describes and evaluates the historical deployment of this type of material at War Crimes Trials, with particular emphasis upon the International Military Tribunal established at Nuremberg, in 1945, in the wake of the Second World War. During this Trial, the prosecution placed reliance upon the film, Nazi Concentration Camps, depicting with graphic realism the horrific barbarism of the Nazi regime. However, this was only made possible by the implementation of innovatory evidential procedures, effectively circumventing the hearsay rule. A comparison is drawn between this, and the current position in England and Wales, following the recent relaxation of the traditional embargo upon hearsay evidence. However, film evidence of the type adduced at Nuremberg may be more prejudicial than probative and should such circumstances arise, the interests of justice may not truly be served. Susan Twist is Senior Lecturer in Law at the Lancashire Law School, University of Central Lancashire. smtwist@uclan.ac.uk. The author was assisted in research for this article by the dissertation of Kellie Goggins.     

Time-Varying Risk Factors for Reassault Among Batterer Program Participants

This study uses longitudinal data to identify risk markers for reassault among batterer program participants. Data are from 308 men and their partners collected at five, 3-month intervals. Time-varying situational and behavioral risk factors, as well as time-invariant individual characteristics, are examined. The most influential risk markers, in terms of relative risk and level of statistical significance, were time-varying: 2 measures of the man's drunkenness during the follow-up interval in which the reassault occurred (OR: 3.5-16.3; p > .0005). Other included time-varying batterer characteristics had no significant effect on reassault. Two significant time-invariant batterer risk factors were (1) severe psychopathology and (2) a history of non-domestic-violence arrest, both measured at intake. Results suggest that batterers' drinking behavior after program intake may provide an important and easily observed marker for risk of reassault and that prediction of reassault with individual risk factors at program intake remains problematical.     

家兔死后眼玻璃体液锌、镍含量与 PMI关系的研究

目的寻找一种精确推定PMI的方法。方法应用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP－MS）,检测了家兔死后96小时内眼玻璃体液锌、镍元素含量,探讨其与PMI的相关性。结果家兔死后24h内眼玻璃体液锌、镍元素含量与PMI显著相关,可作为推定早期PMI的参考指标,其二项式回归方程分别为y=0.1404x2－1.3351x＋3.8298（R2=0.9202）、y=0.0043x2－0.0596x＋0.2665（R2=0.9103）。结论家兔眼玻璃体液中Zn、Ni元素含量变化是推定早期PMI的参考指标之一。     

金龙蛤蚧平喘胶囊治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床观察

目的 观察金龙蛤蚧平喘胶囊治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）的疗效。方法 将58例COPD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组28例。在常规治疗基础上，分别给予金龙蛤蚧平喘胶囊与安慰剂。治疗前、治疗6个月后和治疗12个月后，分别观察两组患者的肺功能、骨密度（bone mineral density，BMD）、BODE指数、COPD评估测试（COPD assessment test，CAT）问卷评分及1年内急性加重次数。结果 治疗6个月后及治疗12个月后，两组肺功能各项参数比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 治疗12个月后，治疗组股骨颈BMD较治疗前显著升高（P＜0.05），而对照组股骨颈BMD较治疗前显著下降（P＜0.05）。治疗6个月后和治疗12个月后，两组BODE指数及其因子6 min步行距离积分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组1年内急性加重次数相比，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 金龙蛤蚧平喘胶囊可有效改善稳定期COPD患者的肺功能、BODE指数及生活质量，减少患者1年内急性加重次数。     

浅析中国(上海)自由贸易试验区建设潜在犯罪风险及防范对策简

2013年783日，国务院正式批准建设中国（上海）自由贸易试验区。上海自贸区在试点更加宽松、自由、开放的金融、贸易、投资政策的同时，也给上海公安工作特别是上海公安经侦工作带来严峻挑战。为此，公安机关必须从主动发现、主动预警、主动防控的角度，研判上海自贸区建设进程中可能出现的风险问题，从金融、商贸、涉税等领域分析自贸区可能多发的经济犯罪，并在此基础上，从法律法规、行政管理和刑事打击三个层面，提出预警性、延伸性的打防策略和政策性、体制性、机制性的工作建议，以期为相关职能部门堵漏补缺提供参考，更好地服务改革发展大局、服务上海自贸区建设。     

2008年以来民进党修补与美国互信关系的效果及前景分析

2008年民进党下台以来，持续透过访美、恢复驻美代表处、在两岸政策和对美政策上积极迎合美国等做法，修补与美国的互信关系，为其重返执政创造条件。民进党对美示好的做好虽得到美方善意回应，但因民进党拒绝放弃“台独”立场，无法提出令美放心的两岸政策新主张，因此双方互信提升程度有限，美始终对民进党重新执政充满疑虑。因受美国对台战略考虑、民进党两岸政策转型的复杂性等因素制约，未来双方关系的发展前景充满变数。     

实验性雏鸡铜中毒的病理学研究

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡180只随机分为3组,分别以对照日粮(Cu 11.97 mg/kg)、铜中毒Ⅰ组日粮(Cu 650 mg/kg)和铜中毒Ⅱ组日粮(Cu 850 mg/kg)饲喂6周,以实验病理学方法系统研究了铜中毒对雏鸡组织器官和某些血液指标的影响。2个铜中毒组在试验的第2、3周先后出现临床症状;铜中毒Ⅱ组雏鸡的发病率和死亡率高于铜中毒Ⅰ组。病理形态学观察,2个铜中毒组的病变基本一致,表现为肌胃角质层增厚、龟裂,肠绒毛裸露断裂,伴有坏死;肝细胞脂肪变性;肾小管上皮细胞变性,坏死脱落;淋巴免疫器官体积缩小、重量减轻、淋巴细胞数量减少。2个铜中毒组雏鸡血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著升高,红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。表明,雏鸡在生长发育的2~6周对高剂量铜较为敏感,毒性损坏的靶器官是肝、肾、胃肠道和淋巴免疫器官,铜中毒导致雏鸡组织器官受损、功能障碍及免疫功能低下,最终导致发病、死亡。     

血尿肝中毒鼠强硅藻土提取GC／NPD检测法

目的建立硅藻土提取气相色谱测定血、尿、肝中毒鼠强的方法。方法原尿液、血液用水稀释、肝匀浆用6％高氯酸沉淀蛋白的上清液倒入硅藻土小柱中，血和尿用苯洗脱，肝用三氯甲烷洗脱，挥干洗脱液，用甲醇定容至0．1ml。结果血提取率98．4％，尿提取率95．6%，肝提取率98．1％。相对标准偏差低于3．2％，检出限低于20ng／ml（g）。结论该法简便、快速，提取率高，适合作为常规毒物分析方法。     

HPLC—ESI—MS／MS法测定全血中溴敌隆

目的建立全血中测定溴敌隆的高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱联用检测方法。方法血液样品经乙醚提取后，采用Ultra Cl8柱（150mm×2．1mm×5μm）；柱温：23℃；流动相：甲醇；流速：200μl／min；在负离子模式下，通过电喷雾电离（ESI），多反应监测（MRM）测定，外标法定量分析溴敌隆。结果在0．1-50mg／1范围内两者均呈良好的线性关系。溴敌隆的回收率为94．34％（RSD=7．3％），考察了方法的基质抑制作用（matrix effect，ME）（％）=B／A×100％=91．86％（RSD=4．78％）定量检出限为0．028ng。结论本方法简便、灵敏度高、定性定量准确，可以作为检验全血中溴敌隆检验的一种手段。